Gender Stereotypes Of World War II - 1180 Words

September. 1945. World War II has just ended and the men are coming back from overseas. The influx of soldiers, sailors, and airmen cause most of the women to leave their jobs because the men are back. Husbands and boyfriends are returning to their women, thus prompting the start of the â€Å"Baby Boomers† generation. Seeing as many of the women no longer need to hold up jobs, some quit to raise children and care for their husbands. Before the war, there was an image in the United States of a Nuclear Family; a husband, a wife, and a couple of children. The war had caused an interruption of this seemingly perfect picture, but with the end of conflict, Nuclear Families were able to sprout up and continue growing. Men were once again the†¦show more content†¦Tara Culp-Ressler claims that raising children to adhere to strict gender roles is harmful to their health. In her article, she refers to a three month long study that was conducted on a group of young teenagers. The study observed their behaviors based on gender and the findings concluded that both genders exhibited potentially harmful behavior patterns; a large number of the boys in this experiment were violent with one another in an attempt to demonstrate their masculinity and they would often bury their emotional struggles. The girls felt pressure to live up to standards that had been set for them to be feminine, some even taking to restricting calories to stay thin because â€Å"real women are skinny.† Adding onto the stress already felt by adolescence, the teenagers in this study denied themselves of simple rights and pleasures; the girls didn’t want to participate in sports they liked because they were afraid of looking unattractive, and the boys refused to acknowledge most emotions if not seen as â€Å"manly,† also turning down any psychological help or a shoulder to lean on. Once the study ended, the teenagers were mostly on the same page when some said that they t hought sticking to these gender roles was what they were supposed to do, even if they weren’t happy about it. To some, it doesn’t matter if people are unhappy about gender roles. The men at the Fatherhood Foundation believe that gender roles are necessary, and they explore

Essay about Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God

Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God The novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God contains beautiful imagery that conveys the thoughts of the author towards the antagonist of this story, Janie Crawford. Through her four distinct lives as Janie Crawford, Janie Killicks, Janie Starks, and Janie Woods she realizes that each day the sun rises a new change is apparent in her life. The experience of each distinct life makes her realize more about herself than she ever knew before. She comes to a self-revelation about herself. Even though it takes her the entire novel to realize her sexual awakening from the blossoming pear tree to experience unadulterated love, she does so as the sun falls and rises past the years of her maturing life.†¦show more content†¦Janie realized that it was time for a change and to take a chance in attempt to attain love by her own means. Nanny wouldve disapproved of the big talk behind a black man like Jody Starks; however, he would create an even more financially stable setting for Janie t o live in than in the marriage she set up Janie with the farmer, Logan Killicks. Marrying Joe without even divorcing Logan, she settles with him in her new life at Eatonville. He buys two hundred acres of land, quickly becoming mayor of the all-black town with Janie becoming Mrs. Mayor. She is forced to run the grocery store, which she doesnt like and is often ordered around and ridiculed by her husband. Joe was now showing his true character since before they got married he said he would love her and treat her with the utmost respect, but this wasnt the case at all. Living with the pain caused by her second husband for almost two decades, she realized that he wasnt the man she was looking for. She was thirty-five now and was beginning to mature. But mostly she lived between her hat and her heels, with her emotional disturbances like shade patterns in the woods-come and gone with the sun. She got nothing from Jody except what money could buy, and she was giving away what she didnt value. (Hurston: 76). More now than ever she realizes that Joe was a harsh and cold man she never loved. Also, thisShow MoreRelated Essay on Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God1096 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God In Zora Neale Hurstons novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the life of Janie is presented as a journey. Janie survives a grandmother, three husbands, and innumerable friends. Throughout this journey, she moves towards her ideals about love and how to live ones life. Hurston chooses to define Janie not by what is wrong in her life, but by what is good in it. Janie undergoes many changes throughout her journey, but the imagery in her lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Eyes Were Watching God 1556 Words   |  7 Pagesspirit of him in the sky. Theme Word: Love Sentence: In this novel, Janie’s ultimate goal was to have romanticized love. Theme Statement: Having found love makes one’s life feels fulfilled and satisfied. Quotations: In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, there was a quotation that connects to my universal theme statement. In page 108 Janie states, â€Å"Dis ain’t no business proposition, and no race after property and titles. Dis is uh love game. Ah done live Grandma’s way, now Ah means tuh liveRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesto have their own voice and independence has been an ongoing conflict. In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God Janie struggles a majority of her life discovering her own voice by challenging many traditional roles that are set by society during this time. Hongzhi Wu, the author of â€Å"Mules and Women: Identify and Rebel—Janie’s Identity Quest in ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God,’† recognizes the trend of African American women being suppressed by making a comparison between animals throughoutRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God, Written by Zora Neale Hurston1374 Words   |  6 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God, written by Zora Neale Hurston, is a novel about Janie Crawford, a â€Å"light† african american woman living in the 1930’s. Janie’s life is chronicled as she tells her friend her story: a pear tree, a dead mule, three marriages, and a hurricane later the reader and the listener, Phoeby, feels they had â€Å"‘done growed ten feet higher from jus’ listenin’’† (192) to her story. However, overall Hurston wants the reader to understand that they have to find out about living for themselvesRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching god, by Zora Neale Hurston1054 Words   |  5 Pagesability to walk. Compare an idea to an image. Exaggerate a concept. Each person has a different poetic style, and each poetic style uses different poetic techniques: personification, simile, hyperbole, imagery, or irony. Zora Neale Hurston reveals her unique poetic style through Their Eyes Were Watching God, the story of Janie Crawford and her journey to finding unconditional, true love. Her journey begins with an arranged marriage to Logan Killicks, a physically unappealing man with a considerable houseRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1571 Words   |  7 PagesZora Neale Hurston and her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God During the Harlem Renaissance, African Americans experience a cultural exposure in literature art. It was a period of great achievement in African-American art and literature during the 1920s and 1930s. This surge gave birth to several authors, playwrights and dramatists, such as Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Neale Hurston is now considered among the foremost authors of that period, having published four novels, three nonfiction works, andRead MoreSilent Night840 Words   |  4 Pagesone person could likely survive today. He describes just how the concentration camps were and how most people only wished they could die to leave all the pain and suffering they had gone through. With great use of imagery, symbolism, and repetition, Wiesel illustrated how silence became a part of every individual’s life in the Holocaust. The silence in the book Night can be seen through many examples of the imagery used in the novel. â€Å"Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me,Read MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston959 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary novels have imposed upon the love tribulations of women, throughout the exploration of genre and the romantic quest. Zora Neale Hurston’s Their eyes were watching God (1978) and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (2000) interplay on the various tribulations of women, throughout the conventions of the romantic quest and the search for identity. The protagonists of both texts are women and experience tribulations of their own, however, unique from the conventional romantic novels of their predecessorsRead More Female Spirituality and Sexuality Explored Through Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God and Tell My Horse1647 Words   |  7 Pagesgathering knowledge about voodoo so she could write the te xt, Tell My Horse. Also, at this same time Hurston had finished writing, Their Eyes Were Watching God in only seven short weeks. A close reading of this novel provides the reader with a relationship between voodoo and the text. Hurston not only explores female spirituality and sexuality in, Their Eyes Were Watching God, but weaves the two together revealing that voodoo culture plays an important role within the novel especially in the comparisonsRead MoreJody Starks s All Of The Men1716 Words   |  7 Pageshim. Being married to Jody opened up Janie’s ability to use her voice, which allows her to take control over her life and has taken a stand to use her voice, instead of always staying quiet (Racine). In the book Zora Neale Hurston s Their eyes were watching God : a casebook edited by Cheryl A. Wall it states, We can see this because Janie does have inside/outside voice, which plays into the novel and her inside speech is what she would like to say when someone insults her, but her outside voice

Remuneration System For O’meara Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Remuneration System For Omeara Company 616684. Answer: Case Background OMeara is an Australian based multinational company that has been operating in the general electronics market for more than 20 years. It was not more than 10 years ago when the company started expanding its operations in certain parts of South-East Asia and also in Germany. The company employs electronic engineers and electronic technicians who design different electronic equipment in the factories, most of which are semi-automated. The company has different operational units, such as research and development, production, storage and dispatch, human resources, marketing, etc. The company has an estimated workforce of 1000 employees while in Melbourne, there are a total of 250 employees. In one of the meetings, that took place in August 2016, the president of the company David OMeara, talked about the declining performance and market position of the company. He also stressed upon the need to bring about changes in the companys existing remuneration and performance management strategies. OMeara suggested that he would like the human resource management department of the company to redesign its remuneration and performance management strategies for the Melbourne office and later on extend it to all the other offices located in different countries. To meet these objectives, the company also decided that they would appoint a new human resource consultant for a contract period of six months. Therefore, in this report, we will conduct a detailed analysis of the existing remuneration system in the OMeara Electronic company and device a new system instead of the older one. Remuneration Systems Remuneration, in simple words, defines the way in which the employees of a company are paid or on what basis are their salaries define. Remuneration is often confused with pay and salaries but in a broader context, it also covers the benefits or bonuses that are paid to the employees of a company under the employment contract. Therefore, a remuneration system is a set of guidelines that help a company in deciding the way and the factors on which the salary and bonus of its employees would depend. Remuneration systems can have a great impact on the long term success and performance of a company and every company can have a different remuneration system. Some companies can even use a mixture of remuneration systems to become more competitive and to keep the workforce motivated. Some of the common remuneration systems observed in the present day are job-based pay and knowledge based pay systems (D.Ittner, F.Larcker, Pizzinic, 2007). Job-Based Pay in a job-based pay system, all jobs in an organisation are slotted into salary schedules. All job positions are assigned a pay scale on the basis of the roles and responsibilities that one will have to fulfil in a particular job role while the variance in pay is based on the qualification of the employee or seniority (Shields Dolle-Samuel, 2015). Person-Based pay It is another common system of remuneration where the employees are paid in accordance with their knowledge, competencies and skills instead of their position in the organisational hierarchy. This type of system is also known as skill based pay structure, competency based pay structure or knowledge based pay structure (Devers, Cannella, Reilly, 2007). OMeara Electronics Companys Remuneration System OMeara Electronics company has identified certain issues with its remuneration system, which was pointed out by the President of the company in a meeting. Sarah Jones, the director of human resource management at OMeara, also pointed out in a meeting that the company has been using a position-based remuneration system whereas the company needs to shift to a person based system in order to meet its performance objectives. In successive meetings, it was also discovered that the companys performance management system is inefficient in achieving the desired objectives, which was a prime reason for employee dissatisfaction and reducing productivity. In order to design a new remuneration system for OMeara Electronics, it is first of all necessary to talk about the issues that are pertaining within its current system. Some of these issues are discussed below: First of all, at OMeara Electronics, organisational performance is just about the customers and the number of contracts while individual performance levels are completely neglected by the management of the company. Further, the individual performance is nowhere linked with the organisational performance, which makes it difficult for the employees to actually realise the roles that they are playing towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives (Calvin, 2017). The lack of a proper performance management system has made it difficult for the company to actually identify the areas where it lacks competitiveness, which is ultimately having a negative position on the market position of the company (Cadsby, Song, Tapon, 2007). Secondly, the company has not introduced any changes in its human resource management policies, specifically performance management policies and remuneration systems since the very beginning. The staff has developed a comfort zone of its own and will offer resistance to any kind of a change that would interrupt their routine (Bach, 2015). The staff has no clear idea about what a performance management system is and how it can be beneficial for the employer as well as for themselves. Some of the employees in OMeara Electronics reacted in a very negative manner when the leaders talked about bringing about changes in the performance management system of the company. Thirdly, being totally dependent on a position based system of remuneration has not proven to be much beneficial for the company. In the present day scenario, the business world is rapidly changing and a greater priority is being given to the skills and knowledge of an employee rather than the position that he or she holds in an organisation (Colvina Boswellb, 2007). Following a position based approach of remuneration results in increased discrepancies and it becomes difficult to keep the employees motivated and engaged in their jobs because of the lack of decent incentives and career development opportunities. (Boeri, Lucifora, Murphy, 2013). Such issues can have a great deal of impact on the human resources of a company and can bring down the performance and productivity levels of an organisation on the whole. Therefore, David OMeara has taken a correct decision to revise the remuneration system as well as the performance management system of the company so that the company can regain its market position and can also implement the same policies in its foreign subsidiaries. Designing A Remuneration System for OMeara Electronics The business world is rapidly changing and so are the internal and external environmental factors, which are forcing business organisations throughout the world to introduce changes in their work practices and operations, in order to remain competitive and outperform their competitors. In such a condition, OMeara Electronics, which is a multinational firm, has shaped its remuneration system on a traditional approach since the time when the company was founded. As a result, its productivity has declined and it has become crucial to introduce certain changes in its performance management system and remuneration system. Following are some of the points that would act as guidelines for the human resource management of the company in designing a new remuneration system for the employees: Shifting to a new remuneration system The existing system of remuneration in the company has not proven its worth in the long run because of which, the company is becoming less productive and is also losing its market share. As a result, the management of the company needs to make a gradual shift from position based remuneration system to a person based remuneration system, where the salary and the bonus for a job position will be decided by considering the knowledge and skills of a person rather than his or her position (Paik, Parboteeah, Shim, 2007). A person based remuneration system will be helpful to the company in a number of ways. First of all, when the employees will receive a remuneration that will be dependent on the level of their skills and capabilities, they would feel the need of developing themselves in order to achieve their needs (Kessler, 2005). The work environment would become more competitive and every employee would try to polish his or her own skills and know ledge. In a research carried out by Murray and Gerhart, it was found that even if there is a slight increase in the hourly wages of the employees under a person based remuneration system, the quality of the final product is considerably high and the overall labour costs also decreases in the longer run (Murray Gerhart, 1998). Secondly, an increase in the skills and knowledge of the entire workforce will definitely bring about a great increase in the companys overall competitiveness and efficiency. With better products and reduced labour prices, the company will be able to tap a greater market share and increase its profitability. Thirdly, having a person based remuneration system will help the company in strengthening its human resource policies and market statistics as an employer. Fresh talent in the market will obviously be inclined towards working with a company that provides a greater value to the skills and knowledge of an employee rather than the position that he or she holds in com pany (Chung, Steenburgh, Sudhir, 2013). Furthermore, it will also assist the company in retaining its talented pool of employees as a person based remuneration system will keep them motivated and engaged in their jobs. Ultimately, the company will emerge as an employer of choice in the market while it will also be able to dominate its competitors in terms of profitability, product quality and customer satisfaction (Eldridge Palmer, 2009). A major point to be considered in a person based remuneration system is that sometimes it can have a negative impact on the workplace environment. Some people are of the belief that if an employee is not paid adequately for demonstrating poor performance than a star performer should have a scope of becoming rich because of his abilities. A person based remuneration system can also cause conflicts among colleagues and co-workers as they might feel demotivated if a person performing similar tasks is being paid higher than them (Barnes, Reb, Ang, 2012). To avoid such a scenario, the management at OMeara Electronics can implement a combination of two remuneration systems. The management can fix a basic wage for different job positions and can offer them incentives, bonus and promotion opportunities on the basis of their skills and knowledge (Burnett, Cushing, Bivona, 2012). Such a system can prove to be the best of both worlds as it will help the company in enjoying the benefits of a p erson based remuneration system while also dealing with the issues that come with it. Conclusion OMeara Electronics has been a tough competitor in the market since its foundation. Its ability to expand into international markets and to continue on its path to success solely depends on its ability to introduce changes in its remuneration system and link them with performance management. The company has failed to change with the changing market trends and is still following a position based remuneration approach, which is a traditional approach and is not much effective in motivating and engaging the employees. The human resource management of the company can look into the above recommendations and can design a system that can use the best of a position based remuneration system as well as a person based remuneration system, which will not only help in keeping the employees engaged and motivated, but also in increasing the overall productivity of the organisation and making it more profitable in the longer run. Furthermore, the ability of the remuneration system to strengthen the performance management system of the company can also foster a competitive work environment in the workplace, which would ultimately beneficial for the company as well as for the employees. Thus, this is a necessary change that the company needs to implement as soon as it can. References Murray, B., Gerhart, B. (1998, February). An Empirical Analysis of a Skill-Based Pay Program and Plant Performance Outcomes. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 68-78. Calvin, O. Y. (2017, March). The Impact of Remuneration on Employees' Performance : A Study of Abdul Gusau Polytechnic, Talata-Mafara and State College of Education Maru, Zamfara State . Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(2). Boeri, T., Lucifora, C., Murphy, K. J. (Eds.). (2013). Executive Remuneration and Employee Performance-Related Pay: A Transatlantic Perspecive. UK: MPG Printgroup. Kessler, I. (2005). Remuneration Systems. In S. Bach, Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition (4 ed.). Blackwell Publishing. Bach, S. (2015). Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition (Vol. 4). Blackwell Publishing. Colvina, A. J., Boswellb, W. R. (2007, January 25). The problem of action and interest alignment: Beyond job requirements and incentive compensation . Human Resource Management Review . Chung, D. J., Steenburgh, T., Sudhir, K. (2013, November 7). Do Bonuses Enhance Sales Productivity? A Dynamic Structural Analysis of Bonus-Based Compensation Plans . 33(2), 165-187. Barnes, C. M., Reb, J., Ang, D. (2012, May). More than just the mean: Moving to a dynamic view of performance-based compensation. . Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 711-718. Paik, Y., Parboteeah, K. P., Shim, W. (2007, October 19). The relationship between perceived compensation, organizational commitment and job satisfaction: the case of Mexican workers in the Korean Maquiladoras . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 18(10), 1768-1781. Devers, C. E., Cannella, A. A., Reilly, G. P. (2007, December 1). Executive Compensation: A Multidisciplinary Review of Recent Developments . Journal of Management . D.Ittner, C., F.Larcker, D., Pizzinic, M. (2007, December). Journal of Accounting and Economics . Performance-based compensation in member-owned firms: An examination of medical group practices? , 44(3), 300-327. Burnett, A., Cushing, E., Bivona, L. (2012, March). Uses of Multiple Measures for Performance-Based Compensation . Eldridge, C., Palmer, N. (2009, May). Performance-based payment: some reflections on the discourse, evidence and unanswered questions . Health Policy and Planning, 24(3), 160-166. Cadsby, C. B., Song, F., Tapon, F. (2007, April 1). Sorting and Incentive Effects of Pay for Performance: An Experimental Investigation . Academy of Management, 50(2), 387-405. Shields, J., Dolle-Samuel, C. (2015). Developing position based base pay systems. In J. Shields, M. Brown, S. Kaine, C. Dolle-Samuel, A. North-Samardzic, P. McLean, . . . G. Plimmer, Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies (p. 180).

Rap Music Artist free essay sample

DRP. Watkins points out, that the fact Of us and others being embarked with these negative images of the young Black Male in the mass media, appears to be taking a heavy toll in terms of the self-image of far too many young Black people and in the way these young people are perceived in the minds of the country, even the world, at large. DRP. Tyson on the other hand is quite right when he points out that Hip Hop is not the only source of this negativity. He also points out that much of this negativity began before the advent of Hip Hop. I personally find that the two men basically compliment one anothers view points to the extent that it feels more like a conversation than a debate. Anyway, both of the good Professors bring forth many important points and underline out many of the problems we are facing. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap Music Artist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most of the points they bring out though, are not new to many of us, while they may be informative to some of the white students at Brown University. Our task at hand now, as before, is to come up with the solutions to these problems and nip in the bud, any further loss of the members of any of our future generations of young Black Americans.America has never and never could have existed without the African American contribution and it never will be able to. That goes for economic, military, cultural, moral and virtual realms alike. The sooner we all, understand and operate from this premise the sooner well be able to make this a place that works for everyone here. I believe that certain rappers should take more responsibility for their controversial lyrics because what they say does influence the young people of the world in many different ways. In my paper I would like to use Tuba Muar Shaker for example.Tuba Muar Shaker, also known by his stage names OPAC and briefly as Machiavelli, was an American rapper and actor. Shaker has sold over 75 million albums worldwide as of 2010, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. Most of Tubas songs are about growing up in violence and hardship in ghettos, racism, other social problems and conflicts with other rappers during the East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry. Tuba became quite a sensation, earning praise for his musical and acting talent as well as condemnation for his explicit, violent lyrics.Tubas music shows that he was into violence and the typical gangster lifestyle. Tuba Shaker was next to join Death Row Records after Executive Producer Sue Knight paid $1. 4 million to bail him out of a New York prison the mid-ass. Immediately he got in the middle of an ongoing conflict between Death Row and the east-coast based Bad Boy record label. His track titled Erne Up was produced as a simple statement from Tuba and Death Row to Bad Boy. Before this release, Tuba was shot with five bullets and blamed the shooting on Bad Boy. Lyrics read: Killing anti fair but somebody got to do it.. .Youd better back the buck up before you get smacked the buck up This I: how we do it on our side. Any of you innings from New York that want to BRI it, bring it. Butte anti singing we bringing drama. Buck you and your monotheistic mama. We goanna kill all you mother bucks Well this is how we Anna do this Puck bad boy as a staff, record label, and as a monotheistic crew. And if you wand be down with Bad Boy, then buck you too. All of you all motherless buck you, die slow motherhoods. My 44 makes sure all your all kids dont grow West side till we die. ..Buck me we Bad Boy killing. This song would make a young person think it is okay to have gang violence order to receive respect from the people you want respect from. Instead of promoting gang violence he could have told them it wasnt worth it. With the guidance of Sue Knight he was promoting the opposite of keeping the peat The Executive Producer of Death Row Records was Sue Knight. Originally from the streets of Southern California, Knight believed that success stemmed from approval from within. Considering his home as the ghetto, Knight stated: The success comes from the streets.Before you can cross over and go to pop, the ghetto got to accept you first. Then you get kids in Catch saying everybody in Compton, Long Beach, and Watts is playing this an dancing to this. This is all right. So you goat go with the ghetto first, period (CTD. In MAT Productions). Knights goal was to portray gangster life in the heath as the standard of life everywhere. He wanted to make everyone believe that the hard-core gangsters in Southern California have a good time listening, watching, and living this way, so we can too if we listen to the music and act like the stars in the music videos.However, music videos are not reality and the images of guns, sex, and violence that they contain do NC lead to moral lives. When actions like the ones portrayed in the music and IR the videos are carried out, there are huge consequences. On the other hand another song of Tuba Shakers showed a very different side of him and his music. The song was called Dear Mama dedicated to his mother Affine Shaker, and basically to all mothers around the world. Tubas song Dear Mama was released as the first single for his solo album Me against the World.It was quickly regarded as one of Tubas best works and one of the best rap songs ever. Dear Mama has such emotional range beyond the genre that it was actually chosen to be preserved in the U. S. Library of Congress in 2009. Dear Mama stands out as an example of Tubas true artistry and willingness to address emotional issues that helps him stand out. Although Tubas career was tragically brief and wrought with controversy guarding his gangs rap image, he has become recognized as one of the greatest lyricists to ever rap and example of the genres potential. Dear Mama was gritty and unflinching in its portrayal of Tubas mother and her flaws, but it also recognized the difficulty of being a young single mother in her position. The song is especially unique because it places Tuba outside of the typical rapper image and exposes his vulnerability as a son. Dear Mama shows Tubas emotional range and speaks to sons and mothers everywhere. One moment this artist can talk about We bad boy killing and the next he wows appreciation to all mothers around the world.So do think this artist should take more responsibility with his music? Yes, I do, because I feel as though if you are going to promote sex, gang violence, and killing you cant turn around and promote respect for mothers over the world. As a famous rapper that people actually love, people will take what he says very seriously and think its cool to do. Then they will go because he said he appreciates his mother theyll say l appreciate my mother and dedicate Dear Mama to he. Artist should be very careful as to what they say and how they say it, or dont ay it at all.The reason as to why Tuba can be so different on two songs is because, the songs that Tuba wrote were primarily the way he felt about something going on in his life that had happened, or was happening. This artist was someone who would tell the truth and nothing but the truth and exactly how it was to the public eye. He wasnt afraid to speak his mind and how he felt You have a right to express your feelings as a human being. I think it is very important that people express themselves instead of holding everything inside. Music was genuinely Tubas way of self-expression.

Letter by Lin Tse

Introduction The letter by Lin Tse- hsu of China to Queen Victoria of Britain was written just before the Opium wars. This book, together with the works of other people, helps us a lot in understanding what happened. Many scholars have given their views regarding a letter to Queen Victoria of Britain by Lin Tse- hsu (Waley, 1958).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument degenerates from whether the war was purposeful to Britain. Others note that it was the unexpected impact of industrialization while others believe that resulted to a war of disgrace to Britain. It is generally acceptable to say that the oldest empire and the most aggressive plain of the ninetieth century went into war. The latter of course emerged victorious. The Author The text is a letter written by Lin Tse- Hsu. He was commonly referred to as Commissioner Li. He was the Ch inese commissioner to Canton, who was promised promotion as a governor if China emerged victorious. Other sources indicate that he was actually the governor of Hope and Hunan. This was during the reigns of Qing Emperor Tao Kuang of Manchu Empire of China. The author had just gained popularity, but in some way, the war that was later named the Opium war led to both his temporary rise and eventual down fall. Some sources even indicate that he wrote an article while on his way to exile expressing his frustrations, but again insisting that there was no alternative option to evade the war. The central Argument The letter points out issues that were of great consequence to the international system at the time. To begin with, the letter was diplomatic due to the level of diplomacy that the Chinese empire had exhibited then. During Tao Kuang’s reign, opium importation to China by British and Dutch Merchants had reached its apex. The larger tea trade between the political leaders of t hese countries occasioned this trend. It had created a class of addicts and had therefore become a social problem. This had spread widely such that other sources indicate the Qing lost his mind due to over dosage At this level, the matter takes national importance. The authorities therefore discussed the necessary courses of actions. The text even says that Qing considered it his duty to protect his subjects. The letter stated that the British undertook some actions that made it a criminal offence to smoke opium. Other sources indicate that Qing brought up the matter discussion. There are those who proposed that it had to be legalized.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They argued that its sell had to be permitted, but had to be controlled. The usage had to be controlled and the empire had to obtain taxes. Those opposed to it stood on moral grounds that if allowed to circulate, t he empire would end up without a population (Ssuyu, Fairbank, 1954). Lin Tse-Hsu led this group. He further argued that the empire would have a weak army for there would be no people fit enough to serve in the discipline forces. His confidence and the death of his son convinced Qing to oppose legalization. He was then tasked with the responsibility of putting to an end what had become a national disaster. It actually does not make sense to criminalize smoking of opium in Britain but allow its people to trade in the same internationally. Britain forced the Chinese empire to legalize it after the war. Correlation The article relates to global industrialization and imperialism. Other sources indicate that the letter was send to the Queen through a British friend of Li. The British Empire was on the rise and very aggressive. Imperialism is the creation and maintenance of unequal economic power based on subordination. It is therefore easy to say the letter was delivered to the generals of the British army. The Britons also wanted to dominate economically. The military strength of the British could not be compared to that of the Chinese. Whereas the British had sophisticated artillery, the Chinese army was untrained, amorphous, and lacked clear command. The difference in technological innovation also played a role References Ssuyu T., Fairbank, J. (1954). Cambridge China’s response to the West, Harvard: Harvard University press. Waley, A. (1958). The Opium War through Chinese Eyes. Stanford: Stanford University Press. This critical writing on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu was written and submitted by user East0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers By Mark Nichol References to numbers, spelled out or in numeral form, often include erroneous use of hyphens or dashes, as shown in the following examples. Errors are explained and corrected in the discussion and revision that follows each sentence. 1. The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936–68. A dash (not a hyphen) that connects two numbers to represent a range functions as a replacement for from and to, so do not include from before a number range separated by a dash. Between, likewise, should not be paired with a number range, but in this case, retain the word, pairing it with and in place of the dash: â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936 and 1968.† (â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals 1936–68† is not syntactically valid.) 2. Fourteen and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable. When two hyphenated phrasal adjectives are identical except for the first term, the rest of the first phrasal adjective after that term can be elided, with the implication that the balance of the second phrasal adjective serves both of the initial words. However, to signal this sharing, retain the hyphen after the first element: â€Å"Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable.† (Otherwise, the implication is that fourteen kids are easily impressionable, and so are fifteen-year-old kids.) 3. The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain. When a phrase consisting of two or more numbers separated by by describes the surface area or volume of an object, omit hyphens unless the entire phrase modifies a noun: â€Å"The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty by eighty by fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.† (Compare â€Å"The fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen-foot slab broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.†) The same rule applies when numerals represent the numbers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseWhat Is a Doctor?

Katrina Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Katrina - Research Paper Example ring information; holding rehearsals, simulations, and drills; training campaigns; engaging citizens; creating non emergency agencies; as well as changing laws and updating resources† (152). The findings of Quarantelli also deserve special attention as his observations clearly show how communities, organizations and individuals may respond to disaster preparedness. The paper also throws light on the lessons that Hurricane Katrina bring to the Federal disaster preparedness plans. It is worthwhile to analyze Quarantelli’s findings on how individuals would respond to disaster preparedness. He holds that even though â€Å"individuals tend to have little interest in disaster preparedness in advance of disasters† they tend to help each other once disasters occur; similarly, individuals are likely to respond rationally to any serious ‘explicit warnings of impending hazards’ (Brunschot and Kennedy 151). It is thus evident that individuals actively take part in initial search and rescue efforts after a disaster occurs. However, evacuation seems to be problematic in many cases where people are uncertain about the safety of their loved ones. Similarly, Quarantelli’s findings about community preparedness are also noteworthy. He observes that even though mass media and reporting of disasters have considerably increased community-level mitigation plans â€Å"preparedness at the community level is often uneven and problematic† (Brunschot and Kennedy 151). Quarantelli also points out that there is a lack of coordination of various agencies at the community level preparedness. He also pinpoints how community issues such as poverty still haunt the victims in the aftermath of disasters which make their conditions worse. His findings also show how unprepared and unplanned are most organizations towards disaster mitigation plans. In fact, none of the findings of Quarantelli seems to be surprising as they go in tune with the recent disaster management experience of the

Reflective Response on Gioconda Belli and Slavenka Drakulic books Essay

Reflective Response on Gioconda Belli and Slavenka Drakulic books - Essay Example Belli grew up in a high class Nicaraguan family and her entire family was very unsympathetic towards the Somoza dictatorship that reigned at the time, in Nicaragua. She was a political activist and was against the views of her family because right from a young age, she established a position for herself in the Sandinista Party and joined the revolutionary government. At the family front however, in order to not disturb the minds of her parents and close knit family members, she kept her bourgeoisie job at a lush advertising company. The story follows as she becomes a very immediate part of the totalitarian regime and upheaval taking place in her country. It is an account of a political as well as personal encounter with the realities that the revolution presents forth. She finds herself disagreeing to a number of things her family want her do, and soon is not able to take control of her heart because of a need to liberate it and set herself free from the active militant she had becom e. On the other hand, Drakulic wrote a nonfiction piece about the various ramifications of various social and political conflicts taking place in East of Europe. She has written an account of how the failure of Communism resulted in a failure to meet the needs of women belonging to several countries like Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland and Germany, with the help of primary information in the form of interviews that she took with women belonging to these countries. (The Country Under My Skin: A Memoir of Love and War) She has written the narrative in the form of an essay, explaining the impact of the political strata of society on women and feminism in general. She has made references and given examples as to how women were subject to oppression and were treated terribly during the time, for example, how they were forced to live under a careless government that refused to supply them with basic necessities including toilet paper and even tampons. Thus, Drakulic is different from Bel li in this aspect as she did not experience the totalitarian regime taking place in Europe on her own, but through the eyes of various other women living in different countries across Europe. At the same time, Belli was able to give a very personal and first hand stance as to the experiences she had and the times she went through under the totalitarian regime that reigned in Nicaragua during the course of her growing up. Belli lived under a right wing totalitarian regime by becoming a part of the government whereas Drakulic was completely against the Communist regime and tried her best to make an attempt and resist it. Belli managed to smuggle weapons, run roadblocks, and also form legions with various revolutionists. She writes about how she made arguments with Castro and his regime, and contributed to representations at Third World conferences in order to liberate Nicaragua. She was thus a true insider and has been able to provide an honest opinion from the view of a woman of that time. On the other hand, Drakulic criticized the Communist empire and helped women liberate themselves in order to achieve a level of empowerment. She has tried to point out the inadequacies of the government in power and how they thought they were radical, but in reality, they were far from reaching that stage. She has tried to express through her writing, how women were looked down upon and forced to undertake steps

On-site water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On-site water - Assignment Example In context of developing and underdeveloped nations it is often seen that public supply of water is impaired by structural problems emerging within the social fabric. In order to rectify such malfunctioning in water distribution system that the governance of a host of public resources has been transferred to the hands of the private sector. The public resources transferred to private hands also stands for the transfer of water resources. Water Resources though are economic goods also have social values. In the light of changing environment and population growth water resources needs not only to be properly managed but also to be effectively organized for bettering up of life standards. (Ocal & Dogan, n.d.) To understand the problems arising from the mismanagement of water resources the paper tries to focus on water distribution and supply management in context of developing economies like India. The Indian economy has the potential to be an agrarian economy. In the last few decades the development of agriculture has helped to make India self sufficient in terms of food grains. The development of agriculture in the country can mostly be attributed to the development of irrigation activities. Public demand for water is not only restricted to agricultural activities. Rather, it is observed that the demand for water in non-agricultural framework is increasing rapidly. The water-laden regions of India can be categorized into 19 essential drainage basins, according to their per capita water supply. The demand for water also is seen varying by the side of these riverbeds. A statistics reveal that the valley of river Indus and Ganga share 48 percent of the total population of India. The water drawn from these sources is mainly used for agricultural purposes. (Amarasinghe, N.D., p. 6). It is in this light that the paper tends to highlight on points like the trends of water usage, demand for

Diagnosis and Assessment: Patient Presenting Knee Pain

Diagnosis and Assessment: Patient Presenting Knee Pain Stephen Chiang Presenting Complaint Mr X is a 72 year old man who presented to the GP clinic with worsening right knee pain for the past 3 weeks. History of Presenting Complaint Pain has worsened over the past 3 weeks. Pain is around the patella with no radiation of pain. Described as a constant dull ache that worsens at the end of the day after activities. Not relieved by any pain medication. Previous trial on NSAIDs and panadolosteo. Pain and movement does not improve during the day. Denies any morning stiffness. Complains of knee being swollen and restricting the range of movement. Denies any locking or catching of the knees. Pain has restricted his movement causing him to lose balance. No history of falls. Denies any recent injury or trauma to the knee. Past Medical History Abdominal aortic aneurysm2014 Pulmonary Fibrosis2014 COPD infective exacerbation2012 GORD Medications Metoprolol 50mg Panadol Osteo SR665mg Vytorin10mg/20mg Rabeprazole10mg Prednisolone25mg Allergies/ Adverse Reactions Penicillins skin rash Immunisation -VAXIGRIP provided Family History nil known Social History Lives alone in Collie. No support services required. Non-smoker. 1 standard drink several times a week. Limited physical activities No history of substance abuse Examination Pleasant looking elderly man. Not in any obvious distress. Alert and oriented to time, place and person. Good mobility Vitals BP 155/88 mmHg, HR 78bpm and regular, RR 17, afebrile Cardiovascular Heart sound dual, nil added. JVP not elevated, all peripheral pulses are palpable Respiratory symmetrical rise and fall of chest with respiration, bibasal crepitations heard, no wheeze. Not in respiratory distress Abdomen – no scars noted, abdomen soft, non tender, bowel sound present Knee – no deformities, swelling or muscle wasting noted. No obvious signs of effusion. Bulge test and patellar tap negative. No erythema and not warm. Crepitations heard with movement of knee. Not tender on palpation. Full range of movement with active and passive movement with pain. (extension, flexion, rotation). Ligament stability test NAD Investigations Ordered Bilateral Knee X-ray Murtagh’s Diagnostic Model Factors in initial history / examination supporting diagnosis Factors in initial history / examination NOT supporting diagnosis Factors in subsequent history / examination / investigation influencing diagnosis PROBABLE diagnosis Osteoarthritis Swelling of the knee Age, Chronic Pain, Asymmetrical, Weight bearing joint, Worse with movement, Crepitus on movement Ligament strains No previous injuries or trauma Asymmetrical knee pain Serious disorders not to miss Neoplasia primary in bone metastases No night sweats, no weight loss, no indication of previous X-ray constant ache day and night Severe infections septic arthritis No fever, no redness, warmth or swelling of joint. No hx of trauma Vascular disorders deep venous thrombosis superficial thrombophlebitis No long periods of immobilisation No previous hx of clots Nil tenderness around muscle unilateral pain Pitfalls Gout/ pseudogout No previous hx of gout Referred pain back or hip Denies any pain of the back and hip Masquerades Diabetes No polyuria, polydipsia, Normal Fasting BSL Spinal dysfunction Another agenda? Depression Lives on his own, poor supportive relationship, Management Plan (Whole person) 1. Knee pain RICE therapy, Weight loss knee X-ray Adequate pain management Referral to orthopaedic surgeons for review Referral to physiotherapist – strengthen quadriceps 2. Pulmonary Fibrosis/ COPD Prevent infective exacerbations Continue follow up with respiratory physicians in Perth Yearly influenza vaccination/ 5 yearly pneumovax Referral to chest physiotherapist 3. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Yearly monitoring of AAA Continue follow up with vascular surgeon in Perth Preventative Health Activities 1. Nutrition – patient education on maintaining healthy diet. Referral to dietician 2. Weight – review 6 monthly to ensure BMI 2 3. Physical activity – education on appropriate exercise routine. Referral to physiotherapist 4. Alcohol intake – reduction of alcohol intake 5. General – monitor BP 6 monthly, yearly monitoring of FBC UEC Lipid profile 6. Cancer screening – colorectal every 2 years 7. Vision, hearing and fall risk assessment Unable to follow up with patient as patient returned to GP in Collie while I was based in Bunbury. No access to patient’s result from Bunbury. Clinical Evidence Base In patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK), is intra-articular steroid injection more effective compared to other pharmacological treatment such as NSAIDs and glucosamine in terms of efficacy and managing pain? Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease affecting adults older than 65 years old. In Australia alone, osteoarthritis affects more than 1.3million adults.1 Osteoarthritis can significantly impact the quality of life because of the restriction in mobility caused by the pain. In osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK), the main form of treatment remains partial or total knee replacement.4 However, there are still a large number of patients who are unable to undergo such intervention. In such patients, treatments are limited to safer alternatives such as NSAIDs, opioids, glucosamine supplements and intra-articular steroid injection. The OneSearch UWA library database was searched and keywords used were â€Å"osteoarthritis†, â€Å"knee†, â€Å"pharmacological†, â€Å"NSAIDs†, â€Å"steroid†. Other related terms were included in the search. One study was identified, â€Å"short term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritis knee pain by Jan Magnus Bjordal, Atle Klovning, Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren and Lars Slordal.2 The study is a meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials with a sample study size of 14,060 patients in 63 trials measuring pain intensity within 4 weeks of treatment and at 8-12 weeks follow up using the visual analogue scale (VAS).2 Results Within 4 weeks oral NSAIDs, pain relief measured 10.2mm on the VAS (95% CI8.8-11.6). Steroid injection showed 14.5mm (95% CI9.7-19.2), paracetamol 3.0mm (95% CI1.4-4.7), glucosamine 4.7mm (95% CI 0.3-9.1), chondroitin sulphate 3.7mm (95% CI0.3-7.0).2 8-12 weeks follow up – oral NSAIDs and steroid injection showed decline in efficacy 9.8mm. Paracetamol did not show change in efficacy. Glucosamine showed 3.8mm efficacy and chondroitin sulphate showed an increase in efficacy of 10.6mm.2 Strength and Weaknesses of this study: 1. Level 1 evidence based on NHMRC 2. Outcome and methods of measure was clearly explained and defined. 3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clear. 1. Measuring of pain intensity with the visual analogue scale (VAS) is very subjective. 2. Bias in terms of NSAIDs users selection in certain trials. 3. Comparing different treatment options by assessing separate meta-analyses for each treatment may have different baseline data and prognostic factors. 4. All steroid injection trials were performed in a fixed setting limiting their application into primary care context. Duration of trial of 4 weeks may be too short to analyse efficacy of some treatments. Findings showed that there is better short term pain relieve when using steroid injection compared to the other treatment options. However, steroid and oral NSAIDs have the same efficacy in long term. Chondroitin sulphate also showed a minimal pain relieve in the long term. Application – This study was done in Norway and it showed that there is minimal pain relieve by using current treatment options such as steroid injections, oral NSAIDs and supplements. Further studies should be performed to compare patients in Australia. Patients should be educated about the efficacy of such pharmacological treatment to lower their expectations. We should start reconsidering the role of these treatments in future pain management of osteoarthritis. This patient was started on many treatments that did not offer any pain relieve that corresponds to the results of the study stated above. Hence, he was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon for further review and management plan. References 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. A Picture of Osteoarthritis.Department of Health and AgeingOctober 2007; Arthritis Series Number 5 2. Jan Magnus Bjordal a,*, Atle Klovning a , Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren a , Lars Slà ¸rdal b. Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.European Journal of Pain8 May 2006; 11, 125-138 3. Carlos J Lozada, MD Director of Rheumatology Fellowship Training Program, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine.Osteoarthritis. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview (accessed 17/06/2015) 4. S.P. Krishnana, , J.A. Skinnerb. Novel treatments for early osteoarthritis of the knee.Current OrthopaedicsDecember 2005; Volume 19(Issue 6), Pages 407-414

Sex as a Means of Agency Essay -- Aristophanes Female Women Essays

Sex as a Means of Agency â€Å"A woman’s harder to conquer than any beast, than fire, and no panther is quite so ferocious.† (Aristophanes 1058) Life for an Athenian woman was marked by her daily occupation to the household and its occupants. This was the sphere of life where she was able to exert the most power and maintain a certain degree of agency. Her domestic duties included attendance to her husband, and his sexual needs. In the comic portrayal of women in Lysistrata, Aristophanes exploits this domestic power to create a scenario where â€Å"the harsh and intractable realities of life, politics and international aggression are transformed so that wives manage to overcome husbands, love conquers war, insignificant citizens manage to discredit powerful ones† (Henderson 36). Aristophanes manipulates the Athenian reality by operating on common stereotypes of women, adding to the comic element but also highlighting the gaping gender division that existed in everyday life. In this comic utopian ideal, women are able to overcome their lack of agency in the public sphere by juxtaposing their domestic (primarily sex ual) power with the general polis. It is important to note that in ancient literary portrayals of women, men depict women according to their perceptions and the common social stereotypes. Although this may, in some cases, create a certain amount of discrepancy between the depiction of women and their actual life, it can still be a beneficial tool to understand their attitudes and struggles. As Henderson writes, â€Å"†¦even by itself the male view is interesting: it enables us to study the rules and roles that men created for women and to glimpse the desires and fears that prompted their enforcement† (20). In Atheni... ...ikely that one of women’s foremost complaints would be their invisibility in the public sphere. Therefore, although this comedic piece is clearly an exaggeration of reality, it is a useful tool in understanding the lives of women in the Athenian period. Aristophanes mirrors and manipulates Athenian reality as he portrays women and men through the comedic lens. In the case of Lysistrata, he incorporates common stereotypes and current institutions of power into a plot that not only puts women in a position of power, but also delineates them as the protagonists in forming a well-functioning polis. As this reflects the women’s role in maintaining a respectable household, he manifests their domestic agency on a higher level as a collective â€Å"mothering† of Athenian society where the entire polis is analogous to a household managed by competent and sensible women.

Starbucks Red Flags of Fraud

Starbucks Coffee Company Stephanie Deacon Colorado Technical University Online: ACCT 320-1203A-01 Professor White 6 August 2012 Abstract This paper will provide an overview of Starbucks Coffee Company and identify seven red flags of possible fraudulent behavior within the organization. Steps to design a fraud prevention program will also be discussed based on the identified red flags. Starbucks Coffee Company opened its first store in Seattle, Washington in 1971 offering fresh-roasted whole bean coffees. Howard Schultz (Starbucks chairman, president and chief executive officer) joined Starbucks in 1982 as director of retail operations and marketing. Starbucks begins providing coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars† (Starbucks, 2012). In 1985, â€Å"Howard founds Il Giornale, offering brewed coffee and espresso beverages made from Starbucks coffee beansâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Two years later Howard Schultz purchases Starbucks assets with the help of local investors and Il Giornale changes its name to Starbucks Corporation and stores open in Chicago and Vancouver, Canada increasing the total number of stores to 17.Starbucks currently has over 16,000 stores in 50 countries and considers the company â€Å"the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the worldâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks mission statement is â€Å" to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a timeâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks refers to their employees as partners and their focus is to create a workplace that values and respects people from diverse backgrounds and to conduct business in an ethical manner.Starbucks has a business and ethics compliance program in place to help ensure that all employees make ethical decisions in the workplace. In addition to its retail outlets, the Starbucks brand of gourmet coffees, ready to drink Frappuccino and double shot drinks and ice creams are also sold in grocery and convenien ce store outlets. Starbucks total net revenues as of â€Å"fiscal year ending Oct 2, 2011 was $11,700. 4 (in millions) which was an increase from both 2010 fiscal year end of $10,707. 4 and $9,774. 6 from 2009 respectivelyâ€Å" (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).As of â€Å"three quarters ended July 1, 2012, Starbucks unaudited net revenue was $9,935. 4 (millions), up from $8,668. 7 from July 3, 2011. Seven red flags of possible fraud Starbucks appears to have a good tone at the top with its established core values; however there can be instances of fraud going undetected by the auditors due to management’s override of controls. For example, with concerns about competition in the market, upper management could engage in creating fictitious revenues to make Starbucks look as if the company was performing better than it actually is. â€Å"McDonald’s 2011 annual revenues were $27. 1 billion† (Hoovers, 2012) in comparison to Starbucks $11. 70 billion and since McDo nald’s introduced the McCafe line in 2009 to compete with Starbucks, it has captured a sizeable portion of the coffee drinker’s market. According to Keith O’Brien from the New York Times, â€Å"beverages, thanks to smoothies and espresso drinks, are now a $9 billion annual business for McDonald’s in the United States† (O’Brien 2012). This type of competition could pressure Starbucks management to inflate the company’s earnings and one key area where this could be accomplished is with improper revenue recognition.Starbucks sells store valued gift cards called Starbucks cards where customers load money on the cards for future use in any participating Starbucks location. â€Å"Revenues from†¦stored value cards, primarily Starbucks Cards, are recognized when redeemed, or when we recognize breakage income† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2011). Breakage income is typically recognized when the redemption of the cards is likely to be r emote based on past history. Outstanding card balances are included in deferred revenue on the balance sheet.Management could record this deferred revenue on the income statement instead at year end, thus turning a potentially weak quarter into a much stronger one. Revenue recognition has a profound impact on a company’s income statement, and â€Å"not adhering to revenue recognition criteria could result in overstating revenue and net income in one reporting period and understating revenue and net income in a subsequent period† (Spiceland, Sepe, & Nelson, 2011, p. 30). â€Å"Typically, a senior executive who is inclined to â€Å"cook the books† possesses ow ethical standards, though this trait may often be difficult to detect prior to the commission of a crime† (White Collar Crime Fighter, n. d. ). Another red flag would be management unwilling to provide requested material to auditors, such as financial reports for fear they will uncover the fraud. The second area of concern for red flags of fraud would attribute to employee behavior. For instance, an employee who refuses to take vacation or sick time could be engaging in fraudulent activities.If an employee were embezzling from the company, â€Å"he would refuse vacation or promotion for fear of detection† (Hancox, n. d. ). Additional red flags to watch out for with employee behavior changes would be borrowing money from co-workers, â€Å"excessive gambling or drinking, or bragging about significant new purchases† (Hancox, n. d. ). High employee turnover is another indicator of potential fraud especially in an area of the organization that is more vulnerable to fraud such as payroll.High employee turnover can also be attributed to low morale and this could be a red flag of abusive management who may be engaging in fraudulent activity and should not be overlooked. High turnover at the executive level of the company would also be a red flag indicator that fraud might be occurring. Internal controls related to inventory encompass a large area ripe for fraud within Starbucks. Inventory deals with purchasing, receiving, shipping, processing and disbursements and if controls are overlooked it could seriously impact the company’s financial health.For example, high volumes of purchases from new vendors could be a red flag for fraud as this could indicate a fictitious company has been created and goods could be shipped to a fake address then stolen. Another red flag would be â€Å"purchasing agents that pick up vendor payments rather than have it mailed† (Hancox, n. d. ). Unusual increase in the book value of inventory or slow inventory turnover could be a red flag for fraud. For example, Starbucks inventory for â€Å"year end 2010 was $543. 3(millions) and $965. 8 for year end 2011† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).The COSO report indicated that â€Å"about 50 percent of the studied fraud companies overstated assets by recording f ictitious assets or assets not owner or capitalized items that should have been expensed†¦and the most commonly misstated asset was inventory† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 101). Payroll is another area that can be highly susceptible to fraud. A number of things to look for would be the personnel department reporting new hires or terminated employees to the payroll department to ensure that paychecks are going to the right people and that fictitious employees have not been created.Another issue would be having pre-numbered checks and having the sequence checked. If this internal control is not in place then it is possible to issue checks that have not been recorded in the system. Payroll checks should alos be authorized by two persons signatures to ensure that unauthorized payments are not made as a result of error or fraud. The company’s organizational structure could be an indicator of red flags for fraud. The first thing to look for would be the tone at the top of t he company.Unethical business conduct by executives is a key red flag in addition to high turnover of top executives. A clear line of authority is not present, â€Å"irresponsible corporate governance, and nonexistent corporate code of conduct and a decentralized organization structure without adequate monitoring† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 107). The corporate mission consists of maximizing profits and nothing else. The audit committee is ineffective, inexperienced and not capable of performing their duties. Financial performance red flags could include unusual rapid growth during an industry economic slump. Unexpected and sharp decreases in earnings or market share by the industry† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 110). Adverse legal circumstances could also lead to fraudulent behavior. Starbucks is engaged in a court hearing with Kraft Foods alleging a material breach of contract by Kraft and Starbucks discontinued their distribution arrangement with Kraft as of March 1, 2011 . â€Å"On December 6, 2010, Kraft commenced a federal court action against Starbucks, entitled Kraft Foods Global, Inc. v. Starbucks Corporation, in the U. S.District Court for the Southern District of New York (the â€Å"District Court†) seeking injunctive relief to prevent Starbucks from terminating the distribution arrangement until the parties’ dispute is resolved through the arbitration proceeding† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012). The injunction was denied and Starbucks has since maintained control of their packaged coffee distribution. Starbucks is unsure of the financial damage that the breach by Kraft has caused and will most likely be able to estimate the damages in mid-2012. Fraud Prevention Program It is the organization's responsibility to create a culture of honesty and high ethics and to clearly communicate acceptable behavior and expectations of each employee† (AICPA, 2012). The tone at the top of Starbucks must consist of honorable, honest people with high integrity, and committed to competence as they set the example. Having strong core values at the top of the company and sharing those values throughout the organization will show Starbucks employees how the company operates. The board of directors and audit committee must be skilled, educated and qualified to perform their duties such as auditors having a CPA license.Roles of authority and responsibility must be clearly defined. Starbucks should have a tip telephone line established so that employees can confidentially report any violations of the code of conduct, suspected fraud or ethics violations. The integrity, ethical values and competence of Starbucks employees; management's philosophy and operating style of the organization will help reinforce the company’s culture as a strength and not a weakness. â€Å"Internal control is not merely documented by policy manuals and forms. Rather, it is put in by people at every level of an organization† (COS O, 2011).Policies and procedures covering financial and operational activities in place at Starbucks must be adhered to by employees at every level of the company to ensure the company is being run effectively and efficiently. For example, the procedures may â€Å"encompass a range of manual and automated activities such as authorizations and approvals, verifications, reconciliations, and business performance reviews† (COSO, 2011). Information processing controls, physical controls and segregation of duties should also be in place to ensure that risks are mitigated so Starbucks can meet its objectives.Management should create a positive work environment with good hiring, training and promotion practices to ensure all employees are capable of performing their jobs. â€Å"Research results indicate that wrongdoing occurs less frequently when employees have positive feelings about an entity than when they feel abused, threatened, or ignored† (AICPA, 2012). Creating a team- oriented environment where employees are involved in the decision-making process, positive feedback from management, recognition for good job performance and rewards for achievements all contribute to reducing the risks of fraud in the workplace.Effective communication of Starbucks objectives across the entire company is essential to its continued successful operations. Management must ensure that information is conveyed in a clear and understandable manner so the employees comprehend the importance of the internal control procedures and that they must be followed. Communication of information also includes â€Å"communicating with external parties regarding matters affecting the functioning of other components of internal control† (COSO, 2011).Starbucks upper management must monitor the control activities and confirm the effectiveness of its internal controls. Manual and ongoing evaluations monitor the internal control process activities throughout the normal dad-to-day oper ation of the company. Ongoing evaluations are â€Å"generally performed by line operating or functional managers who are competent and have sufficient knowledge to understand what is being evaluated and†¦ considering the implications of information they receiveâ€Å" (COSO, 2011).If the controls are inadequate, management must immediately communicate this information to the responsible party in order to take immediate action and employ corrective measures to ensure that controls are being followed as intended. â€Å"To effectively prevent or deter fraud, an entity should have an appropriate oversight function in place† (AICPA, 2012). An audit committee can strengthen a weak company environment by assessing the fraud risks identified by Starbucks management, evaluate the company`s anti-fraud policies and ensure that the tone at the top is conducting business with the highest level of integrity.Oversight by the audit committee â€Å"helps to ensure that senior managemen t fulfills its responsibility, but also can serve as a deterrent to senior management engaging in fraudulent activityâ€Å" (AICPA, 2012). References AICPA. (2012). AU Section 316 Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit. Retrieved from http://www. aicpa. org/Research/Standards/AuditAttest/DownloadableDocuments/AU-00316. pdf COSO. (2011). Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Retrieved from http://www. coso. org/documents/coso_framework_body_v6. pdf COSO. (2011).Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission About us. Retrieved from http://www. coso. org/aboutus. htm Hancox, S. (n. d. ) Red Flags for Fraud. Retrieved from http://www. osc. state. ny. us/localgov/pubs/red_flags_fraud. pdf Hoovers. (2012). Starbucks company overview. Retrieved from http://subscriber. hoovers. com/H/company360/overview. html? companyId=15745000000000 O`Brien, K. (2012). How McDonald`s Came Back Bigger Than Ever. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/05/06/magazine /how-mcdonalds-came-back-bigger-than-ever. html? r=1&pagewanted=all Rezaee, Z. , & Riley, R. Financial Statement Fraud Prevention and Detection (2nd ed. ). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken: New Jersey. Starbucks. (2012). Starbucks Annual Report. Retrieved from http://investor. starbucks. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=99518&p=irol-irhome White-Collar Crime. (n. d. ) Financial Statement Fraud: Detecting the Red Flags. Retrieved f http://www. wccfighter. com/FinancialStatementFraudRedFlags. html . . Spiceland, J. D. , Sepe, J. F. , & Nelson, M. W. (2011). Intermediate Accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Essays

Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Essays Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Paper Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Paper Introduction The Specific Heat Capacity of any substance can be defined as the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of the substance by 1i c. Its found by using the following formula: C = Q / (M x ? ?) Where (C) represents the SPHC; (Q) the energy needed or given out in joules; (M) is the mass of the substance calculated in kilograms and ? ? represents the change in temperature in either i C or Kelvin. Aim The aim of the experiment is to determine the Specific Heat Capacity of any liquid, but in our case Water. Hypothesis I think that we will obtain a close number to the exact Specific Heat Capacity known as 4200 J/Kgi C. , though it will not be 100 accurate because some heat will be lost, leading to possible errors in data. I dont think we can insulate 100% with the following calorimeter at school, thus it might gain or release energy causing in-accuracy. Additionally I think that the change of temperature will be constant throughout the experiment, because the amount of energy given will always stay the same. I also believe the temperature will rise proportional to time, this is because as more time is expanded, the molecules receive more heat, according to the Kinetic Theory, the molecules become more active, and start to move rapidly increasing collision rate. Thus more the time, the higher the temperature will be until a certain point. This is the boiling point, and this is when the molecules have reached the maximum point, and are on the point of transforming into another state of form gaseous. Apparatus A Calorimeter A Thermometer A Electric Weighing Scale. A Power Pack d 1. An empty calorimeter is weighed. The liquid under test is then poured in the calorimeter and reweighed. The Mass m of the liquid is found. 2. An immersion heater and a thermometer are placed in the calorimeter 3. The initial temperature ? ? 1 of the liquid is recorded. 4. The liquid is heated for a time t seconds. The stirrer is used to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the liquid. The lid minimizes heat losses by convection. 5. Record the temperature after every two minutes and plot it in the table below. 6. The final temperature ? ? 2 is noted and the changed in temperature ? ? after time t is found7. Record the results in the table below Precautions 1. To properly place the lid, otherwise heat lose might increase, to minimize heat loss as much possible using insulation. 2. To maintain uniform temperature make sure to keep stirring the calorimeter. 3. Make sure to keep constant energy supply by heater 12V. Variables Independent Is the power heating the up the water. This is because if you change the power, then the change in temperature will also change proportionally. So you have to keep it constant throughout, otherwise this might lead to un-reliable data. To manipulate you could change the power, by increasing the current or the volts. So you could change the current from 12V, to 16V, which would change the power. But this has to be done at the start of the experiment, and then kept constant throughout. Dependent This is the change in temperature, as this is dependent on the power supplied to the heater, if changed then the change in temperature will also change. To manipulate, you will have to change the Independent variable. Controlled This is the mass of the water, the time intervals and the power. These have to be kept constant, or otherwise it wont be a fair test. The mass of the water is kept at 0. 425 kg, 120 second time intervals and 12W power supply. To manipulate you could increase the mass by 0. 010 kg, or increase the power supply to 16W, or even increase or decrease the time intervals to either 300 second or 30 seconds. But the changes have to be kept constant otherwise. Results Time / Seconds Temperature / (? ) Change in temperature. E = the power in watts Q = the energy in joules T = time in seconds 12 x 0. joules Now to find the Specific Heat capacity we have to go back to the original formula, and deduce these finding into it. Re-arrange the formula C Conclusion From my calculation and results I have obtained the Specific Heat Capacity of water to be 4320 j/kgi C for this practical. Now I can argue that this is not a 100% accurate experiment as the scientifically defined Specific Heat Capacity of water is found to be 4200 j/kgi C. There is a difference of 1320 j/kgi C, from my results and the initial value; but I used two different ways to calculate the answer. I used the formula, which gives 4320 j/kgi C, but then I also used the gradient which in result gave me a more accurate answer of 4235 j/kgi C. As you can see the gradient gives a much more accurate answer, this is because when you use the method of calculating the sphc, by subtracting the final temperature by the initial temperature, you only base your calculation of two sets of data. This is unreliable, because if one of them proves to be inaccurate, then this impacts the answer proportionally. The gradient method is more accurate, because you are taking the data from the line of best fit, which allows you to predict the value of one variable based on a value of the other; avoiding erroneous sets of data. Using the gradient method I got an answer of 4235j/kgi C, which is very close to the initial value of Specific Heat Capacity of Water. There is a difference of only 35j/kgi C, and a difference of 85j/kgi C from the calculations using the other method. So why isnt my answer identical to the genuine calculation? Well this can be caused by many reasons, one is that the calorimeter partially absorbed some of the heat which in turn meant, that it needed more energy to raise the temperature of the water, as the particles had less energy due to heat loss. Another reason could be because it was insulated 100%, which meant that it lost some heat to the air, which again meant that the particles didnt have as much energy so it needed more. Though this reasons will only slightly affect the answer, as we didnt not perform the experiment at a very high temperature. In my hypothesis I stated that my answer for the specific heat capacity will differ slightly from the original, and I was right, but I also stated that the change in temperature will be constant, and that the temperature will rise uniformly. Theoretically I should be right, but from my results you can see that the change in temperature wasnt constant. This is because I didnt stir, the calorimeter enough and persistently. This would have made the particles in the water move more so the temperature would have then increased. The more stirring that was done could have allowed the temperature to increase at a fully uniform level. And I think that the main reason why my results of the specific heat capacity doesnt exactly equal 4200 j/kgi C. Evaluation I think that I was very close to the precise specific heat capacity of water. With a difference of only 35j/kgi C I think that there are variables, which cannot be controlled 100%. But I think I could have improved this experiment. I think next time I could take a wider range of data, for the temperatures. This means to repeat the experiment numerous times. This will allow me to have more accurate data. Also I think I should keep the stirring of the water more persistent next time. I could either, have a plan of something like, stirring for 2 minutes, and then stopping for an minute etc. Or I could persistently keep on stirring through the whole experiment; this will allow the particles to move around the beaker more, making it a fairer test. Also I could increase the power supplied to the calorimeter, which would allow me to analyze the relationship at higher temperatures, and also more modern equipment. All these factors could be improved next time, hopefully giving me even accurate results. 1 Appendix 1 2 See Graph Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

How to Format a Book 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid

How to Format a Book 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid How to Format a Book: 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid Self-publishinghas changed everything.Before, you were at the mercy of your publisher on how your book format looked, but today, you have control over this entire process.In fact, you have the final say over everything in your finished manuscript is displayed. Therefore, knowing the proper book format you need is crucial. And with great power comes great responsibility.If youre not careful, you may end up with a sloppy and messy manuscript that an editor will refuse to work on until you tidy it up.Or worse, your audience will slam your book with negative reviews because you published it riddled with errors.An unprofessionallooking book will not only distract readers, it will harm your brand and label you as an amateur, affecting the sales of future books as wellas your current one.Your completed self-published book should convey professionalism in all aspects including with its book format.7 Money-Sucking Book Format MistakesThere are over a hundred things that can go wrong with you r book formatting, and if we wrote about all of them youd be reading from sun-up till sun-down. But fear not!From our experience, most authors make the same mistakes when with their book format.In this article, you’re going to learn what the most common book formatting errors and how to avoid them. By avoiding these mistakes, not only will you have a professional looking manuscript, but youll make the process of designing your book to publish on Amazons Kindle or in print via CreateSpace a lot easier.If you have a completed manuscript with botched book formatting on your hands, this article will teach you how to fix it using Microsoft Word.(A quick note: its possible to do many of the fixes in Google Docs, however, Word has a more comprehensive set of features, so its better to use that when formatting your complete manuscript.)NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Lea rn more about it here#1 Avoid Hard Indents in Your Book FormatA hard indent is when paragraph indentations are created by manual use of the keyboard’s Tab key.Many of us learned how to type using the Tab key to create an indent at the start of each paragraph, so this can be a tough habit to break.When it comes to book formatting, use of the Tab key is a no-no, because it results in an indent that’s far larger than you need.With fiction book formatting, you want to have just a small indent at the start of each paragraph. If your book is non-fiction, generally speaking, you want to use block paragraphs rather than indents, unless your book is a memoir or historical fiction. (More on that in tip #2.) If your book is fiction, you may be wondering how to create paragraphs without the Tab key. The fix is simple: In MS Word, set the Paragraph settings to automatically create indentations for the first line in each paragraph.This simple auto fix will make creating your book fo rmat way easier. In Word 2016, on both Mac Windows, to get to Paragraph settings, click the Paragraphdialog box launcher on the Homeor Layouttab. Then on the Indents and Spacingtab, go to the box under Special and click on First line. You can change the size of the indent using the box to the right. If you’re wondering how big to make your indents, my advice is to pull your favorite book off the shelf, open it up, and take a peek. How big are the paragraph indents?Experiment with making yours larger or smaller, printing out the page, and comparing them to the book in your hand.But what if your 535-page tome has already been drafted, using the dreaded Tab key for each and every paragraph? No need to set fire to your laptop!Here’s what to do to clean it up:Use Find and Replace (Ctrl+H or Control+H or here’s how to find it in Word 2016 on Macand on Windows.)Enter ^t in the Find (This will help you find every â€Å"Tab† in the document.)Leave the Replace fi eld blank.Hit Replace All.Going forward, set your Paragraph settings so that you don’t have to remove hard indents again. Presto!You now have a much prettier, easier-to-convert document through the magic of technology that will make your book format much more professional-looking.#2 Indentation vs. Block ParagraphsWorks of non-fiction today typically don’t use indentation, except for some notable exceptions we will discuss momentarily. Rather, a popular book format for modern non-fiction is the block paragraph.What’s a block paragraph? A block paragraph doesn’t have indentation on the opening line, but instead uses a horizontal line of white space beneath each paragraph. This helps to delineate the separation between paragraphs. For instance, I used block paragraphs in my latest bookPublished., which looks like this:The reasoning behind whether you should use indentation vs. block paragraphs is this: in works where one thought should flow smoothly into t he next, such as in a novel, paragraph indentations are used with no line spacing between paragraphs.But in books where complicated information is being consumed, having a single line space between paragraphs aids the brain in processing one piece of information before moving on to the next.Here is an example from a fiction novel, The Saviors Champion by full-time, self-published author Jenna Moreci of what it looks like to use indents instead of block paragraphs:An exception to the block paragraph for non-fiction/indents for fiction guideline:non-fiction narratives,such as a memoiror historical fiction, should use the same indent style described above in tip #1.In non-fiction works where some information should flow, and other sections require more brain power to comprehend, some authors decide to mix formatting types and use indentation where appropriate and block paragraphs where useful.But in general, to avoid confusing the reader and to make your book look uniform, clean, and a s if you didn’t make a book formatting error, it’s best to choose one style or the other and stick with it throughout your book.However, if you insist on getting crazy and mixing it up, knowing how andwhen to use block paragraphsversus when to indent results in a more professional manuscript.#3 Avoid Double Spaces After PeriodsHere’s the truth: Two spaces after a period iswrong. Period. (Ha!) Just as with the good old-fashioned Tab key indent, two spaces after a period may have been the norm back when you were learning to type.This is because, with typewriters, characters were all the same width, so the two-space rule allowed for greater readability. With modern computer fonts, the characters all fit closer together in a proportional fashion, thereby eradicating the need for that one additional space.Most major style guides- including theChicago Manual of Style, which is used by traditional publishers- now formally recognize the more modern single-space rule.Fr om an aesthetics angle, one space looks neater, which your readers’ eyes will appreciate. Before you convert your manuscript, change all double spaces to single spaces. The result will be a better formatted, stylistically correct book.You’re going to use that super handy â€Å"Find and Replace† function again:Enter two spaces in the Find (This will help you find every double space in the document.)Enter a single space into the Replace field.Hit Replace All.Voila! Like magic.#4 Be Cautious with HyphensImproper hyphenation is a common error that may be harder to stay on top of because the rules of hyphenation differ depending on the grammatical situation.So when it comes to your book format, youll have to do some research.Generally, keep these three rules in mind while you write so youll have to do less work when its time for book formatting:Two or more words that, together, function as an adjective are joined with a hyphen. For example, dark-pink skirt or two-wa y street.Two words or more that form a number are joined with a hyphen. For example, twenty-one.Compound words, which are two words that are joined together to make a single word, donotrequire a hyphen. For example, toothbrush or starfish.Two or more separate words that are used as a single word or idea. For example, action-grabbing, top-notch, or larger-than-life.When in doubt, look it up! For a more detailed treatment of the hyphen, here is an important source to consider:Elements of Style.#5 Know When to Use Quotes vs. an ApostropheFew things scream â€Å"new writer† like a book formatted with punctuation errors. You want to make sure you’re usingquotes and apostrophescorrectly so you don’t lose credibility with your readers.When to use quotes in your book format:When you’re quoting someone, use quotes! This means either a person is speaking- like in fiction- or you are borrowing material verbatim from another source, like in non-fiction.Use of quotes is rarely needed for common expressions.Ironic terms can be set off in quotes.Overuse of quotes can get annoying, so be judicious in their application.When to use apostrophes:Use an apostrophe for possessive form (except the word its.) For example: The cat’s toys are blue.Use an apostrophe for contractions, such as it is. For example: The cat’s playing with its toys. It’s a happy cat.Avoid using an apostrophe for plural forms. For example: Five cats ran past her.Again, the rules can be complicated, such as when to use an apostrophe when dealing with an acronym, so when in doubt,look it up.#6 Be Careful When Using the Enter KeyThere are many times in your book youll want to go to a new page or to create a blank page.This is simple right? Hit enter a few times, and presto, youve got a new page.Wrong.Using paragraph breaks, or hitting enter to create a new page can createmanyproblems when it comes to getting your manuscript ready to publish.For instance, you or y our book designer will need to change your page size or page setup according to the book size and style youve chosen. Using paragraph breaks will create extra space where none is needed and will change the page layouts of your book, making your book look ugly.If youre wondering why after you change your paper size, your chapter headings are no longer at the top of the page, but halfway down, it was because of your liberal use of paragraph breaks.Instead, use the page break function. This instantly creates a new page, and it remains a new page even when youve changed the page size, page layout, or added more content above. On Microsoft Word, this can be done by pressing Ctrl+Enter (Windows) or Cmd+Enter (Mac).You can also find it in the ribbon in Word. Google Docs also has this feature. In Word 2016 go to Insert Page Break In Google Docs go to Insert Break Page Break#7 Use the Styles Feature Instead of Formatting YourselfStop formatting your chapter titles yourself. Many writers indicate a title or subtitle by simply changing the font size and changing the font from the default font (ah,Times New Roman, how we miss you) and thinking their job is done.This makes navigating and formatting your book a pain.What you want to do is use MSWords Styles feature. Google Docs also has this feature. In Word 2016, you can find the Styles section under the Home tab on both Mac Windows.In Google Docs the styles section can be found by clicking the box between the zoom level and the font type.When creating a new chapter, highlight the chapter heading, and then make it a header by applying the relevant style. If its the main heading make it Heading 1, if its a subtitle make it Heading 2, etc.This has the added benefit of allowing you to easily automatically create a table of contents page, or to navigate through your 30,000-word manuscript with Words navigation pane, while also making your book format look professional.You Need a Proper Book FormatWithout question you want your book to stand out because of its invaluable content, stunning tone of voice, and laser targeted towards your audience.However, don’t let your book formatting or grammatical errors get in the way of your book’s success. If youve written your book, and are ready to get it published, follow the guide you just read to make sure your manuscript isnt full of errors.For tips on how to format your book for Kindle, its best to follow Amazons comprehensive guideon the matter. It will help you design your title page on a different first page, your copyright page, trimming to the correct paper size, and the million other things you need to do to get your book ready for print.Your Next StepsThirty years ago, it would have been impossible to publish a book yourself. Today you have all the tools you need to produce a flawless manuscript.Take the time to review your book- and hire an editorand a book designer- to make sure your book formatting is perfectly professional.If youre ready to polish your book format and move on in the publishing process, heres what you can do next.#1 Join your free training!Its not enough to put together a pretty book. You also have to know what to do once youre done and how to go about making itsell! Thats where we come in.

Comparative analyisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative analyisis - Essay Example Conley comes out with a harsh and firm tone that human cloning should not be practiced as it does interfere with God’s creation. Professor Ian Wilmut is polite and puts himself on the hot seat to defend the practice. He remains objective and asks hard questions that if couples have been denied the right to procreate naturally what would be the ill effect of trying out new technology like human cloning. (Wilmut,2007). The topic on human cloning has brushed shoulders with the high political icons and religious leaders. The ethical part has hit many headlines in media world and eye brows rose on in its interference with the natural process of human creation. Wilmut has remained extremely aggressive and has an ego driven attitude towards the whole process and the perception on human cloning as opposed to Conley in his view on the interference with natural process (Conley,1994). Human procreation has been through the natural process since time immemorial. With the current advancement of technology and research, morals of human cloning were brought to task. Conley has well addressed the burning issue and has made great strides in evaluating the challenges that couples face when they have the challenge of conceiving and bearing children (Conley, 1994).With his deep rooted roman catholic arguments, he remains a close minded author as to the effects of human cloning unlike Wilmut who is polite spoken learned author with an aim to kill the stigma. The research that has been done was to solve some these issues. Couples have been genetically challenged to have the right to live, a life like any other normal human being (Wilmut,2007). The pervasiveness of this discourse concerning the dignity in today’s Western world has given it a mask of the subject matter that has been highly contested and made it vague. As our educated writer Wilmut has observed in his sixth edition. This concept has become totally ubiquitous. Conley has claimed