Letter by Lin Tse

Introduction The letter by Lin Tse- hsu of China to Queen Victoria of Britain was written just before the Opium wars. This book, together with the works of other people, helps us a lot in understanding what happened. Many scholars have given their views regarding a letter to Queen Victoria of Britain by Lin Tse- hsu (Waley, 1958).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument degenerates from whether the war was purposeful to Britain. Others note that it was the unexpected impact of industrialization while others believe that resulted to a war of disgrace to Britain. It is generally acceptable to say that the oldest empire and the most aggressive plain of the ninetieth century went into war. The latter of course emerged victorious. The Author The text is a letter written by Lin Tse- Hsu. He was commonly referred to as Commissioner Li. He was the Ch inese commissioner to Canton, who was promised promotion as a governor if China emerged victorious. Other sources indicate that he was actually the governor of Hope and Hunan. This was during the reigns of Qing Emperor Tao Kuang of Manchu Empire of China. The author had just gained popularity, but in some way, the war that was later named the Opium war led to both his temporary rise and eventual down fall. Some sources even indicate that he wrote an article while on his way to exile expressing his frustrations, but again insisting that there was no alternative option to evade the war. The central Argument The letter points out issues that were of great consequence to the international system at the time. To begin with, the letter was diplomatic due to the level of diplomacy that the Chinese empire had exhibited then. During Tao Kuang’s reign, opium importation to China by British and Dutch Merchants had reached its apex. The larger tea trade between the political leaders of t hese countries occasioned this trend. It had created a class of addicts and had therefore become a social problem. This had spread widely such that other sources indicate the Qing lost his mind due to over dosage At this level, the matter takes national importance. The authorities therefore discussed the necessary courses of actions. The text even says that Qing considered it his duty to protect his subjects. The letter stated that the British undertook some actions that made it a criminal offence to smoke opium. Other sources indicate that Qing brought up the matter discussion. There are those who proposed that it had to be legalized.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They argued that its sell had to be permitted, but had to be controlled. The usage had to be controlled and the empire had to obtain taxes. Those opposed to it stood on moral grounds that if allowed to circulate, t he empire would end up without a population (Ssuyu, Fairbank, 1954). Lin Tse-Hsu led this group. He further argued that the empire would have a weak army for there would be no people fit enough to serve in the discipline forces. His confidence and the death of his son convinced Qing to oppose legalization. He was then tasked with the responsibility of putting to an end what had become a national disaster. It actually does not make sense to criminalize smoking of opium in Britain but allow its people to trade in the same internationally. Britain forced the Chinese empire to legalize it after the war. Correlation The article relates to global industrialization and imperialism. Other sources indicate that the letter was send to the Queen through a British friend of Li. The British Empire was on the rise and very aggressive. Imperialism is the creation and maintenance of unequal economic power based on subordination. It is therefore easy to say the letter was delivered to the generals of the British army. The Britons also wanted to dominate economically. The military strength of the British could not be compared to that of the Chinese. Whereas the British had sophisticated artillery, the Chinese army was untrained, amorphous, and lacked clear command. The difference in technological innovation also played a role References Ssuyu T., Fairbank, J. (1954). Cambridge China’s response to the West, Harvard: Harvard University press. Waley, A. (1958). The Opium War through Chinese Eyes. Stanford: Stanford University Press. This critical writing on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu was written and submitted by user East0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers By Mark Nichol References to numbers, spelled out or in numeral form, often include erroneous use of hyphens or dashes, as shown in the following examples. Errors are explained and corrected in the discussion and revision that follows each sentence. 1. The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936–68. A dash (not a hyphen) that connects two numbers to represent a range functions as a replacement for from and to, so do not include from before a number range separated by a dash. Between, likewise, should not be paired with a number range, but in this case, retain the word, pairing it with and in place of the dash: â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936 and 1968.† (â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals 1936–68† is not syntactically valid.) 2. Fourteen and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable. When two hyphenated phrasal adjectives are identical except for the first term, the rest of the first phrasal adjective after that term can be elided, with the implication that the balance of the second phrasal adjective serves both of the initial words. However, to signal this sharing, retain the hyphen after the first element: â€Å"Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable.† (Otherwise, the implication is that fourteen kids are easily impressionable, and so are fifteen-year-old kids.) 3. The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain. When a phrase consisting of two or more numbers separated by by describes the surface area or volume of an object, omit hyphens unless the entire phrase modifies a noun: â€Å"The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty by eighty by fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.† (Compare â€Å"The fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen-foot slab broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.†) The same rule applies when numerals represent the numbers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseWhat Is a Doctor?

Katrina Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Katrina - Research Paper Example ring information; holding rehearsals, simulations, and drills; training campaigns; engaging citizens; creating non emergency agencies; as well as changing laws and updating resources† (152). The findings of Quarantelli also deserve special attention as his observations clearly show how communities, organizations and individuals may respond to disaster preparedness. The paper also throws light on the lessons that Hurricane Katrina bring to the Federal disaster preparedness plans. It is worthwhile to analyze Quarantelli’s findings on how individuals would respond to disaster preparedness. He holds that even though â€Å"individuals tend to have little interest in disaster preparedness in advance of disasters† they tend to help each other once disasters occur; similarly, individuals are likely to respond rationally to any serious ‘explicit warnings of impending hazards’ (Brunschot and Kennedy 151). It is thus evident that individuals actively take part in initial search and rescue efforts after a disaster occurs. However, evacuation seems to be problematic in many cases where people are uncertain about the safety of their loved ones. Similarly, Quarantelli’s findings about community preparedness are also noteworthy. He observes that even though mass media and reporting of disasters have considerably increased community-level mitigation plans â€Å"preparedness at the community level is often uneven and problematic† (Brunschot and Kennedy 151). Quarantelli also points out that there is a lack of coordination of various agencies at the community level preparedness. He also pinpoints how community issues such as poverty still haunt the victims in the aftermath of disasters which make their conditions worse. His findings also show how unprepared and unplanned are most organizations towards disaster mitigation plans. In fact, none of the findings of Quarantelli seems to be surprising as they go in tune with the recent disaster management experience of the

Reflective Response on Gioconda Belli and Slavenka Drakulic books Essay

Reflective Response on Gioconda Belli and Slavenka Drakulic books - Essay Example Belli grew up in a high class Nicaraguan family and her entire family was very unsympathetic towards the Somoza dictatorship that reigned at the time, in Nicaragua. She was a political activist and was against the views of her family because right from a young age, she established a position for herself in the Sandinista Party and joined the revolutionary government. At the family front however, in order to not disturb the minds of her parents and close knit family members, she kept her bourgeoisie job at a lush advertising company. The story follows as she becomes a very immediate part of the totalitarian regime and upheaval taking place in her country. It is an account of a political as well as personal encounter with the realities that the revolution presents forth. She finds herself disagreeing to a number of things her family want her do, and soon is not able to take control of her heart because of a need to liberate it and set herself free from the active militant she had becom e. On the other hand, Drakulic wrote a nonfiction piece about the various ramifications of various social and political conflicts taking place in East of Europe. She has written an account of how the failure of Communism resulted in a failure to meet the needs of women belonging to several countries like Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland and Germany, with the help of primary information in the form of interviews that she took with women belonging to these countries. (The Country Under My Skin: A Memoir of Love and War) She has written the narrative in the form of an essay, explaining the impact of the political strata of society on women and feminism in general. She has made references and given examples as to how women were subject to oppression and were treated terribly during the time, for example, how they were forced to live under a careless government that refused to supply them with basic necessities including toilet paper and even tampons. Thus, Drakulic is different from Bel li in this aspect as she did not experience the totalitarian regime taking place in Europe on her own, but through the eyes of various other women living in different countries across Europe. At the same time, Belli was able to give a very personal and first hand stance as to the experiences she had and the times she went through under the totalitarian regime that reigned in Nicaragua during the course of her growing up. Belli lived under a right wing totalitarian regime by becoming a part of the government whereas Drakulic was completely against the Communist regime and tried her best to make an attempt and resist it. Belli managed to smuggle weapons, run roadblocks, and also form legions with various revolutionists. She writes about how she made arguments with Castro and his regime, and contributed to representations at Third World conferences in order to liberate Nicaragua. She was thus a true insider and has been able to provide an honest opinion from the view of a woman of that time. On the other hand, Drakulic criticized the Communist empire and helped women liberate themselves in order to achieve a level of empowerment. She has tried to point out the inadequacies of the government in power and how they thought they were radical, but in reality, they were far from reaching that stage. She has tried to express through her writing, how women were looked down upon and forced to undertake steps

On-site water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On-site water - Assignment Example In context of developing and underdeveloped nations it is often seen that public supply of water is impaired by structural problems emerging within the social fabric. In order to rectify such malfunctioning in water distribution system that the governance of a host of public resources has been transferred to the hands of the private sector. The public resources transferred to private hands also stands for the transfer of water resources. Water Resources though are economic goods also have social values. In the light of changing environment and population growth water resources needs not only to be properly managed but also to be effectively organized for bettering up of life standards. (Ocal & Dogan, n.d.) To understand the problems arising from the mismanagement of water resources the paper tries to focus on water distribution and supply management in context of developing economies like India. The Indian economy has the potential to be an agrarian economy. In the last few decades the development of agriculture has helped to make India self sufficient in terms of food grains. The development of agriculture in the country can mostly be attributed to the development of irrigation activities. Public demand for water is not only restricted to agricultural activities. Rather, it is observed that the demand for water in non-agricultural framework is increasing rapidly. The water-laden regions of India can be categorized into 19 essential drainage basins, according to their per capita water supply. The demand for water also is seen varying by the side of these riverbeds. A statistics reveal that the valley of river Indus and Ganga share 48 percent of the total population of India. The water drawn from these sources is mainly used for agricultural purposes. (Amarasinghe, N.D., p. 6). It is in this light that the paper tends to highlight on points like the trends of water usage, demand for

Diagnosis and Assessment: Patient Presenting Knee Pain

Diagnosis and Assessment: Patient Presenting Knee Pain Stephen Chiang Presenting Complaint Mr X is a 72 year old man who presented to the GP clinic with worsening right knee pain for the past 3 weeks. History of Presenting Complaint Pain has worsened over the past 3 weeks. Pain is around the patella with no radiation of pain. Described as a constant dull ache that worsens at the end of the day after activities. Not relieved by any pain medication. Previous trial on NSAIDs and panadolosteo. Pain and movement does not improve during the day. Denies any morning stiffness. Complains of knee being swollen and restricting the range of movement. Denies any locking or catching of the knees. Pain has restricted his movement causing him to lose balance. No history of falls. Denies any recent injury or trauma to the knee. Past Medical History Abdominal aortic aneurysm2014 Pulmonary Fibrosis2014 COPD infective exacerbation2012 GORD Medications Metoprolol 50mg Panadol Osteo SR665mg Vytorin10mg/20mg Rabeprazole10mg Prednisolone25mg Allergies/ Adverse Reactions Penicillins skin rash Immunisation -VAXIGRIP provided Family History nil known Social History Lives alone in Collie. No support services required. Non-smoker. 1 standard drink several times a week. Limited physical activities No history of substance abuse Examination Pleasant looking elderly man. Not in any obvious distress. Alert and oriented to time, place and person. Good mobility Vitals BP 155/88 mmHg, HR 78bpm and regular, RR 17, afebrile Cardiovascular Heart sound dual, nil added. JVP not elevated, all peripheral pulses are palpable Respiratory symmetrical rise and fall of chest with respiration, bibasal crepitations heard, no wheeze. Not in respiratory distress Abdomen – no scars noted, abdomen soft, non tender, bowel sound present Knee – no deformities, swelling or muscle wasting noted. No obvious signs of effusion. Bulge test and patellar tap negative. No erythema and not warm. Crepitations heard with movement of knee. Not tender on palpation. Full range of movement with active and passive movement with pain. (extension, flexion, rotation). Ligament stability test NAD Investigations Ordered Bilateral Knee X-ray Murtagh’s Diagnostic Model Factors in initial history / examination supporting diagnosis Factors in initial history / examination NOT supporting diagnosis Factors in subsequent history / examination / investigation influencing diagnosis PROBABLE diagnosis Osteoarthritis Swelling of the knee Age, Chronic Pain, Asymmetrical, Weight bearing joint, Worse with movement, Crepitus on movement Ligament strains No previous injuries or trauma Asymmetrical knee pain Serious disorders not to miss Neoplasia primary in bone metastases No night sweats, no weight loss, no indication of previous X-ray constant ache day and night Severe infections septic arthritis No fever, no redness, warmth or swelling of joint. No hx of trauma Vascular disorders deep venous thrombosis superficial thrombophlebitis No long periods of immobilisation No previous hx of clots Nil tenderness around muscle unilateral pain Pitfalls Gout/ pseudogout No previous hx of gout Referred pain back or hip Denies any pain of the back and hip Masquerades Diabetes No polyuria, polydipsia, Normal Fasting BSL Spinal dysfunction Another agenda? Depression Lives on his own, poor supportive relationship, Management Plan (Whole person) 1. Knee pain RICE therapy, Weight loss knee X-ray Adequate pain management Referral to orthopaedic surgeons for review Referral to physiotherapist – strengthen quadriceps 2. Pulmonary Fibrosis/ COPD Prevent infective exacerbations Continue follow up with respiratory physicians in Perth Yearly influenza vaccination/ 5 yearly pneumovax Referral to chest physiotherapist 3. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Yearly monitoring of AAA Continue follow up with vascular surgeon in Perth Preventative Health Activities 1. Nutrition – patient education on maintaining healthy diet. Referral to dietician 2. Weight – review 6 monthly to ensure BMI 2 3. Physical activity – education on appropriate exercise routine. Referral to physiotherapist 4. Alcohol intake – reduction of alcohol intake 5. General – monitor BP 6 monthly, yearly monitoring of FBC UEC Lipid profile 6. Cancer screening – colorectal every 2 years 7. Vision, hearing and fall risk assessment Unable to follow up with patient as patient returned to GP in Collie while I was based in Bunbury. No access to patient’s result from Bunbury. Clinical Evidence Base In patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK), is intra-articular steroid injection more effective compared to other pharmacological treatment such as NSAIDs and glucosamine in terms of efficacy and managing pain? Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease affecting adults older than 65 years old. In Australia alone, osteoarthritis affects more than 1.3million adults.1 Osteoarthritis can significantly impact the quality of life because of the restriction in mobility caused by the pain. In osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK), the main form of treatment remains partial or total knee replacement.4 However, there are still a large number of patients who are unable to undergo such intervention. In such patients, treatments are limited to safer alternatives such as NSAIDs, opioids, glucosamine supplements and intra-articular steroid injection. The OneSearch UWA library database was searched and keywords used were â€Å"osteoarthritis†, â€Å"knee†, â€Å"pharmacological†, â€Å"NSAIDs†, â€Å"steroid†. Other related terms were included in the search. One study was identified, â€Å"short term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritis knee pain by Jan Magnus Bjordal, Atle Klovning, Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren and Lars Slordal.2 The study is a meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials with a sample study size of 14,060 patients in 63 trials measuring pain intensity within 4 weeks of treatment and at 8-12 weeks follow up using the visual analogue scale (VAS).2 Results Within 4 weeks oral NSAIDs, pain relief measured 10.2mm on the VAS (95% CI8.8-11.6). Steroid injection showed 14.5mm (95% CI9.7-19.2), paracetamol 3.0mm (95% CI1.4-4.7), glucosamine 4.7mm (95% CI 0.3-9.1), chondroitin sulphate 3.7mm (95% CI0.3-7.0).2 8-12 weeks follow up – oral NSAIDs and steroid injection showed decline in efficacy 9.8mm. Paracetamol did not show change in efficacy. Glucosamine showed 3.8mm efficacy and chondroitin sulphate showed an increase in efficacy of 10.6mm.2 Strength and Weaknesses of this study: 1. Level 1 evidence based on NHMRC 2. Outcome and methods of measure was clearly explained and defined. 3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clear. 1. Measuring of pain intensity with the visual analogue scale (VAS) is very subjective. 2. Bias in terms of NSAIDs users selection in certain trials. 3. Comparing different treatment options by assessing separate meta-analyses for each treatment may have different baseline data and prognostic factors. 4. All steroid injection trials were performed in a fixed setting limiting their application into primary care context. Duration of trial of 4 weeks may be too short to analyse efficacy of some treatments. Findings showed that there is better short term pain relieve when using steroid injection compared to the other treatment options. However, steroid and oral NSAIDs have the same efficacy in long term. Chondroitin sulphate also showed a minimal pain relieve in the long term. Application – This study was done in Norway and it showed that there is minimal pain relieve by using current treatment options such as steroid injections, oral NSAIDs and supplements. Further studies should be performed to compare patients in Australia. Patients should be educated about the efficacy of such pharmacological treatment to lower their expectations. We should start reconsidering the role of these treatments in future pain management of osteoarthritis. This patient was started on many treatments that did not offer any pain relieve that corresponds to the results of the study stated above. Hence, he was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon for further review and management plan. References 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. A Picture of Osteoarthritis.Department of Health and AgeingOctober 2007; Arthritis Series Number 5 2. Jan Magnus Bjordal a,*, Atle Klovning a , Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren a , Lars Slà ¸rdal b. Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.European Journal of Pain8 May 2006; 11, 125-138 3. Carlos J Lozada, MD Director of Rheumatology Fellowship Training Program, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine.Osteoarthritis. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview (accessed 17/06/2015) 4. S.P. Krishnana, , J.A. Skinnerb. Novel treatments for early osteoarthritis of the knee.Current OrthopaedicsDecember 2005; Volume 19(Issue 6), Pages 407-414

Sex as a Means of Agency Essay -- Aristophanes Female Women Essays

Sex as a Means of Agency â€Å"A woman’s harder to conquer than any beast, than fire, and no panther is quite so ferocious.† (Aristophanes 1058) Life for an Athenian woman was marked by her daily occupation to the household and its occupants. This was the sphere of life where she was able to exert the most power and maintain a certain degree of agency. Her domestic duties included attendance to her husband, and his sexual needs. In the comic portrayal of women in Lysistrata, Aristophanes exploits this domestic power to create a scenario where â€Å"the harsh and intractable realities of life, politics and international aggression are transformed so that wives manage to overcome husbands, love conquers war, insignificant citizens manage to discredit powerful ones† (Henderson 36). Aristophanes manipulates the Athenian reality by operating on common stereotypes of women, adding to the comic element but also highlighting the gaping gender division that existed in everyday life. In this comic utopian ideal, women are able to overcome their lack of agency in the public sphere by juxtaposing their domestic (primarily sex ual) power with the general polis. It is important to note that in ancient literary portrayals of women, men depict women according to their perceptions and the common social stereotypes. Although this may, in some cases, create a certain amount of discrepancy between the depiction of women and their actual life, it can still be a beneficial tool to understand their attitudes and struggles. As Henderson writes, â€Å"†¦even by itself the male view is interesting: it enables us to study the rules and roles that men created for women and to glimpse the desires and fears that prompted their enforcement† (20). In Atheni... ...ikely that one of women’s foremost complaints would be their invisibility in the public sphere. Therefore, although this comedic piece is clearly an exaggeration of reality, it is a useful tool in understanding the lives of women in the Athenian period. Aristophanes mirrors and manipulates Athenian reality as he portrays women and men through the comedic lens. In the case of Lysistrata, he incorporates common stereotypes and current institutions of power into a plot that not only puts women in a position of power, but also delineates them as the protagonists in forming a well-functioning polis. As this reflects the women’s role in maintaining a respectable household, he manifests their domestic agency on a higher level as a collective â€Å"mothering† of Athenian society where the entire polis is analogous to a household managed by competent and sensible women.

Starbucks Red Flags of Fraud

Starbucks Coffee Company Stephanie Deacon Colorado Technical University Online: ACCT 320-1203A-01 Professor White 6 August 2012 Abstract This paper will provide an overview of Starbucks Coffee Company and identify seven red flags of possible fraudulent behavior within the organization. Steps to design a fraud prevention program will also be discussed based on the identified red flags. Starbucks Coffee Company opened its first store in Seattle, Washington in 1971 offering fresh-roasted whole bean coffees. Howard Schultz (Starbucks chairman, president and chief executive officer) joined Starbucks in 1982 as director of retail operations and marketing. Starbucks begins providing coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars† (Starbucks, 2012). In 1985, â€Å"Howard founds Il Giornale, offering brewed coffee and espresso beverages made from Starbucks coffee beansâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Two years later Howard Schultz purchases Starbucks assets with the help of local investors and Il Giornale changes its name to Starbucks Corporation and stores open in Chicago and Vancouver, Canada increasing the total number of stores to 17.Starbucks currently has over 16,000 stores in 50 countries and considers the company â€Å"the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the worldâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks mission statement is â€Å" to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a timeâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks refers to their employees as partners and their focus is to create a workplace that values and respects people from diverse backgrounds and to conduct business in an ethical manner.Starbucks has a business and ethics compliance program in place to help ensure that all employees make ethical decisions in the workplace. In addition to its retail outlets, the Starbucks brand of gourmet coffees, ready to drink Frappuccino and double shot drinks and ice creams are also sold in grocery and convenien ce store outlets. Starbucks total net revenues as of â€Å"fiscal year ending Oct 2, 2011 was $11,700. 4 (in millions) which was an increase from both 2010 fiscal year end of $10,707. 4 and $9,774. 6 from 2009 respectivelyâ€Å" (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).As of â€Å"three quarters ended July 1, 2012, Starbucks unaudited net revenue was $9,935. 4 (millions), up from $8,668. 7 from July 3, 2011. Seven red flags of possible fraud Starbucks appears to have a good tone at the top with its established core values; however there can be instances of fraud going undetected by the auditors due to management’s override of controls. For example, with concerns about competition in the market, upper management could engage in creating fictitious revenues to make Starbucks look as if the company was performing better than it actually is. â€Å"McDonald’s 2011 annual revenues were $27. 1 billion† (Hoovers, 2012) in comparison to Starbucks $11. 70 billion and since McDo nald’s introduced the McCafe line in 2009 to compete with Starbucks, it has captured a sizeable portion of the coffee drinker’s market. According to Keith O’Brien from the New York Times, â€Å"beverages, thanks to smoothies and espresso drinks, are now a $9 billion annual business for McDonald’s in the United States† (O’Brien 2012). This type of competition could pressure Starbucks management to inflate the company’s earnings and one key area where this could be accomplished is with improper revenue recognition.Starbucks sells store valued gift cards called Starbucks cards where customers load money on the cards for future use in any participating Starbucks location. â€Å"Revenues from†¦stored value cards, primarily Starbucks Cards, are recognized when redeemed, or when we recognize breakage income† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2011). Breakage income is typically recognized when the redemption of the cards is likely to be r emote based on past history. Outstanding card balances are included in deferred revenue on the balance sheet.Management could record this deferred revenue on the income statement instead at year end, thus turning a potentially weak quarter into a much stronger one. Revenue recognition has a profound impact on a company’s income statement, and â€Å"not adhering to revenue recognition criteria could result in overstating revenue and net income in one reporting period and understating revenue and net income in a subsequent period† (Spiceland, Sepe, & Nelson, 2011, p. 30). â€Å"Typically, a senior executive who is inclined to â€Å"cook the books† possesses ow ethical standards, though this trait may often be difficult to detect prior to the commission of a crime† (White Collar Crime Fighter, n. d. ). Another red flag would be management unwilling to provide requested material to auditors, such as financial reports for fear they will uncover the fraud. The second area of concern for red flags of fraud would attribute to employee behavior. For instance, an employee who refuses to take vacation or sick time could be engaging in fraudulent activities.If an employee were embezzling from the company, â€Å"he would refuse vacation or promotion for fear of detection† (Hancox, n. d. ). Additional red flags to watch out for with employee behavior changes would be borrowing money from co-workers, â€Å"excessive gambling or drinking, or bragging about significant new purchases† (Hancox, n. d. ). High employee turnover is another indicator of potential fraud especially in an area of the organization that is more vulnerable to fraud such as payroll.High employee turnover can also be attributed to low morale and this could be a red flag of abusive management who may be engaging in fraudulent activity and should not be overlooked. High turnover at the executive level of the company would also be a red flag indicator that fraud might be occurring. Internal controls related to inventory encompass a large area ripe for fraud within Starbucks. Inventory deals with purchasing, receiving, shipping, processing and disbursements and if controls are overlooked it could seriously impact the company’s financial health.For example, high volumes of purchases from new vendors could be a red flag for fraud as this could indicate a fictitious company has been created and goods could be shipped to a fake address then stolen. Another red flag would be â€Å"purchasing agents that pick up vendor payments rather than have it mailed† (Hancox, n. d. ). Unusual increase in the book value of inventory or slow inventory turnover could be a red flag for fraud. For example, Starbucks inventory for â€Å"year end 2010 was $543. 3(millions) and $965. 8 for year end 2011† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).The COSO report indicated that â€Å"about 50 percent of the studied fraud companies overstated assets by recording f ictitious assets or assets not owner or capitalized items that should have been expensed†¦and the most commonly misstated asset was inventory† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 101). Payroll is another area that can be highly susceptible to fraud. A number of things to look for would be the personnel department reporting new hires or terminated employees to the payroll department to ensure that paychecks are going to the right people and that fictitious employees have not been created.Another issue would be having pre-numbered checks and having the sequence checked. If this internal control is not in place then it is possible to issue checks that have not been recorded in the system. Payroll checks should alos be authorized by two persons signatures to ensure that unauthorized payments are not made as a result of error or fraud. The company’s organizational structure could be an indicator of red flags for fraud. The first thing to look for would be the tone at the top of t he company.Unethical business conduct by executives is a key red flag in addition to high turnover of top executives. A clear line of authority is not present, â€Å"irresponsible corporate governance, and nonexistent corporate code of conduct and a decentralized organization structure without adequate monitoring† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 107). The corporate mission consists of maximizing profits and nothing else. The audit committee is ineffective, inexperienced and not capable of performing their duties. Financial performance red flags could include unusual rapid growth during an industry economic slump. Unexpected and sharp decreases in earnings or market share by the industry† (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p. 110). Adverse legal circumstances could also lead to fraudulent behavior. Starbucks is engaged in a court hearing with Kraft Foods alleging a material breach of contract by Kraft and Starbucks discontinued their distribution arrangement with Kraft as of March 1, 2011 . â€Å"On December 6, 2010, Kraft commenced a federal court action against Starbucks, entitled Kraft Foods Global, Inc. v. Starbucks Corporation, in the U. S.District Court for the Southern District of New York (the â€Å"District Court†) seeking injunctive relief to prevent Starbucks from terminating the distribution arrangement until the parties’ dispute is resolved through the arbitration proceeding† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012). The injunction was denied and Starbucks has since maintained control of their packaged coffee distribution. Starbucks is unsure of the financial damage that the breach by Kraft has caused and will most likely be able to estimate the damages in mid-2012. Fraud Prevention Program It is the organization's responsibility to create a culture of honesty and high ethics and to clearly communicate acceptable behavior and expectations of each employee† (AICPA, 2012). The tone at the top of Starbucks must consist of honorable, honest people with high integrity, and committed to competence as they set the example. Having strong core values at the top of the company and sharing those values throughout the organization will show Starbucks employees how the company operates. The board of directors and audit committee must be skilled, educated and qualified to perform their duties such as auditors having a CPA license.Roles of authority and responsibility must be clearly defined. Starbucks should have a tip telephone line established so that employees can confidentially report any violations of the code of conduct, suspected fraud or ethics violations. The integrity, ethical values and competence of Starbucks employees; management's philosophy and operating style of the organization will help reinforce the company’s culture as a strength and not a weakness. â€Å"Internal control is not merely documented by policy manuals and forms. Rather, it is put in by people at every level of an organization† (COS O, 2011).Policies and procedures covering financial and operational activities in place at Starbucks must be adhered to by employees at every level of the company to ensure the company is being run effectively and efficiently. For example, the procedures may â€Å"encompass a range of manual and automated activities such as authorizations and approvals, verifications, reconciliations, and business performance reviews† (COSO, 2011). Information processing controls, physical controls and segregation of duties should also be in place to ensure that risks are mitigated so Starbucks can meet its objectives.Management should create a positive work environment with good hiring, training and promotion practices to ensure all employees are capable of performing their jobs. â€Å"Research results indicate that wrongdoing occurs less frequently when employees have positive feelings about an entity than when they feel abused, threatened, or ignored† (AICPA, 2012). Creating a team- oriented environment where employees are involved in the decision-making process, positive feedback from management, recognition for good job performance and rewards for achievements all contribute to reducing the risks of fraud in the workplace.Effective communication of Starbucks objectives across the entire company is essential to its continued successful operations. Management must ensure that information is conveyed in a clear and understandable manner so the employees comprehend the importance of the internal control procedures and that they must be followed. Communication of information also includes â€Å"communicating with external parties regarding matters affecting the functioning of other components of internal control† (COSO, 2011).Starbucks upper management must monitor the control activities and confirm the effectiveness of its internal controls. Manual and ongoing evaluations monitor the internal control process activities throughout the normal dad-to-day oper ation of the company. Ongoing evaluations are â€Å"generally performed by line operating or functional managers who are competent and have sufficient knowledge to understand what is being evaluated and†¦ considering the implications of information they receiveâ€Å" (COSO, 2011).If the controls are inadequate, management must immediately communicate this information to the responsible party in order to take immediate action and employ corrective measures to ensure that controls are being followed as intended. â€Å"To effectively prevent or deter fraud, an entity should have an appropriate oversight function in place† (AICPA, 2012). An audit committee can strengthen a weak company environment by assessing the fraud risks identified by Starbucks management, evaluate the company`s anti-fraud policies and ensure that the tone at the top is conducting business with the highest level of integrity.Oversight by the audit committee â€Å"helps to ensure that senior managemen t fulfills its responsibility, but also can serve as a deterrent to senior management engaging in fraudulent activityâ€Å" (AICPA, 2012). References AICPA. (2012). AU Section 316 Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit. Retrieved from http://www. aicpa. org/Research/Standards/AuditAttest/DownloadableDocuments/AU-00316. pdf COSO. (2011). Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Retrieved from http://www. coso. org/documents/coso_framework_body_v6. pdf COSO. (2011).Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission About us. Retrieved from http://www. coso. org/aboutus. htm Hancox, S. (n. d. ) Red Flags for Fraud. Retrieved from http://www. osc. state. ny. us/localgov/pubs/red_flags_fraud. pdf Hoovers. (2012). Starbucks company overview. Retrieved from http://subscriber. hoovers. com/H/company360/overview. html? companyId=15745000000000 O`Brien, K. (2012). How McDonald`s Came Back Bigger Than Ever. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/05/06/magazine /how-mcdonalds-came-back-bigger-than-ever. html? r=1&pagewanted=all Rezaee, Z. , & Riley, R. Financial Statement Fraud Prevention and Detection (2nd ed. ). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken: New Jersey. Starbucks. (2012). Starbucks Annual Report. Retrieved from http://investor. starbucks. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=99518&p=irol-irhome White-Collar Crime. (n. d. ) Financial Statement Fraud: Detecting the Red Flags. Retrieved f http://www. wccfighter. com/FinancialStatementFraudRedFlags. html . . Spiceland, J. D. , Sepe, J. F. , & Nelson, M. W. (2011). Intermediate Accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Essays

Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Essays Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Paper Measuring the specific heat capacity of water Paper Introduction The Specific Heat Capacity of any substance can be defined as the amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of the substance by 1i c. Its found by using the following formula: C = Q / (M x ? ?) Where (C) represents the SPHC; (Q) the energy needed or given out in joules; (M) is the mass of the substance calculated in kilograms and ? ? represents the change in temperature in either i C or Kelvin. Aim The aim of the experiment is to determine the Specific Heat Capacity of any liquid, but in our case Water. Hypothesis I think that we will obtain a close number to the exact Specific Heat Capacity known as 4200 J/Kgi C. , though it will not be 100 accurate because some heat will be lost, leading to possible errors in data. I dont think we can insulate 100% with the following calorimeter at school, thus it might gain or release energy causing in-accuracy. Additionally I think that the change of temperature will be constant throughout the experiment, because the amount of energy given will always stay the same. I also believe the temperature will rise proportional to time, this is because as more time is expanded, the molecules receive more heat, according to the Kinetic Theory, the molecules become more active, and start to move rapidly increasing collision rate. Thus more the time, the higher the temperature will be until a certain point. This is the boiling point, and this is when the molecules have reached the maximum point, and are on the point of transforming into another state of form gaseous. Apparatus A Calorimeter A Thermometer A Electric Weighing Scale. A Power Pack d 1. An empty calorimeter is weighed. The liquid under test is then poured in the calorimeter and reweighed. The Mass m of the liquid is found. 2. An immersion heater and a thermometer are placed in the calorimeter 3. The initial temperature ? ? 1 of the liquid is recorded. 4. The liquid is heated for a time t seconds. The stirrer is used to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the liquid. The lid minimizes heat losses by convection. 5. Record the temperature after every two minutes and plot it in the table below. 6. The final temperature ? ? 2 is noted and the changed in temperature ? ? after time t is found7. Record the results in the table below Precautions 1. To properly place the lid, otherwise heat lose might increase, to minimize heat loss as much possible using insulation. 2. To maintain uniform temperature make sure to keep stirring the calorimeter. 3. Make sure to keep constant energy supply by heater 12V. Variables Independent Is the power heating the up the water. This is because if you change the power, then the change in temperature will also change proportionally. So you have to keep it constant throughout, otherwise this might lead to un-reliable data. To manipulate you could change the power, by increasing the current or the volts. So you could change the current from 12V, to 16V, which would change the power. But this has to be done at the start of the experiment, and then kept constant throughout. Dependent This is the change in temperature, as this is dependent on the power supplied to the heater, if changed then the change in temperature will also change. To manipulate, you will have to change the Independent variable. Controlled This is the mass of the water, the time intervals and the power. These have to be kept constant, or otherwise it wont be a fair test. The mass of the water is kept at 0. 425 kg, 120 second time intervals and 12W power supply. To manipulate you could increase the mass by 0. 010 kg, or increase the power supply to 16W, or even increase or decrease the time intervals to either 300 second or 30 seconds. But the changes have to be kept constant otherwise. Results Time / Seconds Temperature / (? ) Change in temperature. E = the power in watts Q = the energy in joules T = time in seconds 12 x 0. joules Now to find the Specific Heat capacity we have to go back to the original formula, and deduce these finding into it. Re-arrange the formula C Conclusion From my calculation and results I have obtained the Specific Heat Capacity of water to be 4320 j/kgi C for this practical. Now I can argue that this is not a 100% accurate experiment as the scientifically defined Specific Heat Capacity of water is found to be 4200 j/kgi C. There is a difference of 1320 j/kgi C, from my results and the initial value; but I used two different ways to calculate the answer. I used the formula, which gives 4320 j/kgi C, but then I also used the gradient which in result gave me a more accurate answer of 4235 j/kgi C. As you can see the gradient gives a much more accurate answer, this is because when you use the method of calculating the sphc, by subtracting the final temperature by the initial temperature, you only base your calculation of two sets of data. This is unreliable, because if one of them proves to be inaccurate, then this impacts the answer proportionally. The gradient method is more accurate, because you are taking the data from the line of best fit, which allows you to predict the value of one variable based on a value of the other; avoiding erroneous sets of data. Using the gradient method I got an answer of 4235j/kgi C, which is very close to the initial value of Specific Heat Capacity of Water. There is a difference of only 35j/kgi C, and a difference of 85j/kgi C from the calculations using the other method. So why isnt my answer identical to the genuine calculation? Well this can be caused by many reasons, one is that the calorimeter partially absorbed some of the heat which in turn meant, that it needed more energy to raise the temperature of the water, as the particles had less energy due to heat loss. Another reason could be because it was insulated 100%, which meant that it lost some heat to the air, which again meant that the particles didnt have as much energy so it needed more. Though this reasons will only slightly affect the answer, as we didnt not perform the experiment at a very high temperature. In my hypothesis I stated that my answer for the specific heat capacity will differ slightly from the original, and I was right, but I also stated that the change in temperature will be constant, and that the temperature will rise uniformly. Theoretically I should be right, but from my results you can see that the change in temperature wasnt constant. This is because I didnt stir, the calorimeter enough and persistently. This would have made the particles in the water move more so the temperature would have then increased. The more stirring that was done could have allowed the temperature to increase at a fully uniform level. And I think that the main reason why my results of the specific heat capacity doesnt exactly equal 4200 j/kgi C. Evaluation I think that I was very close to the precise specific heat capacity of water. With a difference of only 35j/kgi C I think that there are variables, which cannot be controlled 100%. But I think I could have improved this experiment. I think next time I could take a wider range of data, for the temperatures. This means to repeat the experiment numerous times. This will allow me to have more accurate data. Also I think I should keep the stirring of the water more persistent next time. I could either, have a plan of something like, stirring for 2 minutes, and then stopping for an minute etc. Or I could persistently keep on stirring through the whole experiment; this will allow the particles to move around the beaker more, making it a fairer test. Also I could increase the power supplied to the calorimeter, which would allow me to analyze the relationship at higher temperatures, and also more modern equipment. All these factors could be improved next time, hopefully giving me even accurate results. 1 Appendix 1 2 See Graph Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

How to Format a Book 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid

How to Format a Book 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid How to Format a Book: 7 Money-Sucking Book Format Mistakes to Avoid Self-publishinghas changed everything.Before, you were at the mercy of your publisher on how your book format looked, but today, you have control over this entire process.In fact, you have the final say over everything in your finished manuscript is displayed. Therefore, knowing the proper book format you need is crucial. And with great power comes great responsibility.If youre not careful, you may end up with a sloppy and messy manuscript that an editor will refuse to work on until you tidy it up.Or worse, your audience will slam your book with negative reviews because you published it riddled with errors.An unprofessionallooking book will not only distract readers, it will harm your brand and label you as an amateur, affecting the sales of future books as wellas your current one.Your completed self-published book should convey professionalism in all aspects including with its book format.7 Money-Sucking Book Format MistakesThere are over a hundred things that can go wrong with you r book formatting, and if we wrote about all of them youd be reading from sun-up till sun-down. But fear not!From our experience, most authors make the same mistakes when with their book format.In this article, you’re going to learn what the most common book formatting errors and how to avoid them. By avoiding these mistakes, not only will you have a professional looking manuscript, but youll make the process of designing your book to publish on Amazons Kindle or in print via CreateSpace a lot easier.If you have a completed manuscript with botched book formatting on your hands, this article will teach you how to fix it using Microsoft Word.(A quick note: its possible to do many of the fixes in Google Docs, however, Word has a more comprehensive set of features, so its better to use that when formatting your complete manuscript.)NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Lea rn more about it here#1 Avoid Hard Indents in Your Book FormatA hard indent is when paragraph indentations are created by manual use of the keyboard’s Tab key.Many of us learned how to type using the Tab key to create an indent at the start of each paragraph, so this can be a tough habit to break.When it comes to book formatting, use of the Tab key is a no-no, because it results in an indent that’s far larger than you need.With fiction book formatting, you want to have just a small indent at the start of each paragraph. If your book is non-fiction, generally speaking, you want to use block paragraphs rather than indents, unless your book is a memoir or historical fiction. (More on that in tip #2.) If your book is fiction, you may be wondering how to create paragraphs without the Tab key. The fix is simple: In MS Word, set the Paragraph settings to automatically create indentations for the first line in each paragraph.This simple auto fix will make creating your book fo rmat way easier. In Word 2016, on both Mac Windows, to get to Paragraph settings, click the Paragraphdialog box launcher on the Homeor Layouttab. Then on the Indents and Spacingtab, go to the box under Special and click on First line. You can change the size of the indent using the box to the right. If you’re wondering how big to make your indents, my advice is to pull your favorite book off the shelf, open it up, and take a peek. How big are the paragraph indents?Experiment with making yours larger or smaller, printing out the page, and comparing them to the book in your hand.But what if your 535-page tome has already been drafted, using the dreaded Tab key for each and every paragraph? No need to set fire to your laptop!Here’s what to do to clean it up:Use Find and Replace (Ctrl+H or Control+H or here’s how to find it in Word 2016 on Macand on Windows.)Enter ^t in the Find (This will help you find every â€Å"Tab† in the document.)Leave the Replace fi eld blank.Hit Replace All.Going forward, set your Paragraph settings so that you don’t have to remove hard indents again. Presto!You now have a much prettier, easier-to-convert document through the magic of technology that will make your book format much more professional-looking.#2 Indentation vs. Block ParagraphsWorks of non-fiction today typically don’t use indentation, except for some notable exceptions we will discuss momentarily. Rather, a popular book format for modern non-fiction is the block paragraph.What’s a block paragraph? A block paragraph doesn’t have indentation on the opening line, but instead uses a horizontal line of white space beneath each paragraph. This helps to delineate the separation between paragraphs. For instance, I used block paragraphs in my latest bookPublished., which looks like this:The reasoning behind whether you should use indentation vs. block paragraphs is this: in works where one thought should flow smoothly into t he next, such as in a novel, paragraph indentations are used with no line spacing between paragraphs.But in books where complicated information is being consumed, having a single line space between paragraphs aids the brain in processing one piece of information before moving on to the next.Here is an example from a fiction novel, The Saviors Champion by full-time, self-published author Jenna Moreci of what it looks like to use indents instead of block paragraphs:An exception to the block paragraph for non-fiction/indents for fiction guideline:non-fiction narratives,such as a memoiror historical fiction, should use the same indent style described above in tip #1.In non-fiction works where some information should flow, and other sections require more brain power to comprehend, some authors decide to mix formatting types and use indentation where appropriate and block paragraphs where useful.But in general, to avoid confusing the reader and to make your book look uniform, clean, and a s if you didn’t make a book formatting error, it’s best to choose one style or the other and stick with it throughout your book.However, if you insist on getting crazy and mixing it up, knowing how andwhen to use block paragraphsversus when to indent results in a more professional manuscript.#3 Avoid Double Spaces After PeriodsHere’s the truth: Two spaces after a period iswrong. Period. (Ha!) Just as with the good old-fashioned Tab key indent, two spaces after a period may have been the norm back when you were learning to type.This is because, with typewriters, characters were all the same width, so the two-space rule allowed for greater readability. With modern computer fonts, the characters all fit closer together in a proportional fashion, thereby eradicating the need for that one additional space.Most major style guides- including theChicago Manual of Style, which is used by traditional publishers- now formally recognize the more modern single-space rule.Fr om an aesthetics angle, one space looks neater, which your readers’ eyes will appreciate. Before you convert your manuscript, change all double spaces to single spaces. The result will be a better formatted, stylistically correct book.You’re going to use that super handy â€Å"Find and Replace† function again:Enter two spaces in the Find (This will help you find every double space in the document.)Enter a single space into the Replace field.Hit Replace All.Voila! Like magic.#4 Be Cautious with HyphensImproper hyphenation is a common error that may be harder to stay on top of because the rules of hyphenation differ depending on the grammatical situation.So when it comes to your book format, youll have to do some research.Generally, keep these three rules in mind while you write so youll have to do less work when its time for book formatting:Two or more words that, together, function as an adjective are joined with a hyphen. For example, dark-pink skirt or two-wa y street.Two words or more that form a number are joined with a hyphen. For example, twenty-one.Compound words, which are two words that are joined together to make a single word, donotrequire a hyphen. For example, toothbrush or starfish.Two or more separate words that are used as a single word or idea. For example, action-grabbing, top-notch, or larger-than-life.When in doubt, look it up! For a more detailed treatment of the hyphen, here is an important source to consider:Elements of Style.#5 Know When to Use Quotes vs. an ApostropheFew things scream â€Å"new writer† like a book formatted with punctuation errors. You want to make sure you’re usingquotes and apostrophescorrectly so you don’t lose credibility with your readers.When to use quotes in your book format:When you’re quoting someone, use quotes! This means either a person is speaking- like in fiction- or you are borrowing material verbatim from another source, like in non-fiction.Use of quotes is rarely needed for common expressions.Ironic terms can be set off in quotes.Overuse of quotes can get annoying, so be judicious in their application.When to use apostrophes:Use an apostrophe for possessive form (except the word its.) For example: The cat’s toys are blue.Use an apostrophe for contractions, such as it is. For example: The cat’s playing with its toys. It’s a happy cat.Avoid using an apostrophe for plural forms. For example: Five cats ran past her.Again, the rules can be complicated, such as when to use an apostrophe when dealing with an acronym, so when in doubt,look it up.#6 Be Careful When Using the Enter KeyThere are many times in your book youll want to go to a new page or to create a blank page.This is simple right? Hit enter a few times, and presto, youve got a new page.Wrong.Using paragraph breaks, or hitting enter to create a new page can createmanyproblems when it comes to getting your manuscript ready to publish.For instance, you or y our book designer will need to change your page size or page setup according to the book size and style youve chosen. Using paragraph breaks will create extra space where none is needed and will change the page layouts of your book, making your book look ugly.If youre wondering why after you change your paper size, your chapter headings are no longer at the top of the page, but halfway down, it was because of your liberal use of paragraph breaks.Instead, use the page break function. This instantly creates a new page, and it remains a new page even when youve changed the page size, page layout, or added more content above. On Microsoft Word, this can be done by pressing Ctrl+Enter (Windows) or Cmd+Enter (Mac).You can also find it in the ribbon in Word. Google Docs also has this feature. In Word 2016 go to Insert Page Break In Google Docs go to Insert Break Page Break#7 Use the Styles Feature Instead of Formatting YourselfStop formatting your chapter titles yourself. Many writers indicate a title or subtitle by simply changing the font size and changing the font from the default font (ah,Times New Roman, how we miss you) and thinking their job is done.This makes navigating and formatting your book a pain.What you want to do is use MSWords Styles feature. Google Docs also has this feature. In Word 2016, you can find the Styles section under the Home tab on both Mac Windows.In Google Docs the styles section can be found by clicking the box between the zoom level and the font type.When creating a new chapter, highlight the chapter heading, and then make it a header by applying the relevant style. If its the main heading make it Heading 1, if its a subtitle make it Heading 2, etc.This has the added benefit of allowing you to easily automatically create a table of contents page, or to navigate through your 30,000-word manuscript with Words navigation pane, while also making your book format look professional.You Need a Proper Book FormatWithout question you want your book to stand out because of its invaluable content, stunning tone of voice, and laser targeted towards your audience.However, don’t let your book formatting or grammatical errors get in the way of your book’s success. If youve written your book, and are ready to get it published, follow the guide you just read to make sure your manuscript isnt full of errors.For tips on how to format your book for Kindle, its best to follow Amazons comprehensive guideon the matter. It will help you design your title page on a different first page, your copyright page, trimming to the correct paper size, and the million other things you need to do to get your book ready for print.Your Next StepsThirty years ago, it would have been impossible to publish a book yourself. Today you have all the tools you need to produce a flawless manuscript.Take the time to review your book- and hire an editorand a book designer- to make sure your book formatting is perfectly professional.If youre ready to polish your book format and move on in the publishing process, heres what you can do next.#1 Join your free training!Its not enough to put together a pretty book. You also have to know what to do once youre done and how to go about making itsell! Thats where we come in.

Comparative analyisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative analyisis - Essay Example Conley comes out with a harsh and firm tone that human cloning should not be practiced as it does interfere with God’s creation. Professor Ian Wilmut is polite and puts himself on the hot seat to defend the practice. He remains objective and asks hard questions that if couples have been denied the right to procreate naturally what would be the ill effect of trying out new technology like human cloning. (Wilmut,2007). The topic on human cloning has brushed shoulders with the high political icons and religious leaders. The ethical part has hit many headlines in media world and eye brows rose on in its interference with the natural process of human creation. Wilmut has remained extremely aggressive and has an ego driven attitude towards the whole process and the perception on human cloning as opposed to Conley in his view on the interference with natural process (Conley,1994). Human procreation has been through the natural process since time immemorial. With the current advancement of technology and research, morals of human cloning were brought to task. Conley has well addressed the burning issue and has made great strides in evaluating the challenges that couples face when they have the challenge of conceiving and bearing children (Conley, 1994).With his deep rooted roman catholic arguments, he remains a close minded author as to the effects of human cloning unlike Wilmut who is polite spoken learned author with an aim to kill the stigma. The research that has been done was to solve some these issues. Couples have been genetically challenged to have the right to live, a life like any other normal human being (Wilmut,2007). The pervasiveness of this discourse concerning the dignity in today’s Western world has given it a mask of the subject matter that has been highly contested and made it vague. As our educated writer Wilmut has observed in his sixth edition. This concept has become totally ubiquitous. Conley has claimed

Discuss implications of the use of interactive media and social Essay

Discuss implications of the use of interactive media and social networking sites that use 'viral' techniques to generate 'advert - Essay Example The interactive media and the social networking sites are actually the various websites that assist the web users to share feelings and to communicate and discuss about interesting topics among each other (Wesnick, 1994). The challenge that marketers face in this modern world of social networking is in relation to the identification of the key individuals who can persuade viral technique so as to generate the ‘advertising buzz’. However, once the marketers succeed in identifying the individuals, the entire phenomenon gives rise to effective implication both for the marketers as well as for the consumers (Abedniya & Mahmouei, 2010). Viral marketing which is an effective marketing technique for generating advertising buzz is considered to be an important aspect of the social networking sites. ... The aspirations can be anything starting from supporting any phenomenon and ending at generating support from dwellers of the same community. Social media marketing has grown effective in this regard because the campaigns being promoted through this medium primarily satisfy the needs of the community (Fraim, 2000). After satisfying the communities, the marketers’ interests are considered. For example, through flicker account, EMC Corp would identify the interest of a particular community, say the software engineers, and would start promoting various packages of software through ‘photosharing’ (Clemons, 2007). Inducement of Campaigning Effectiveness: Promotional aspects through interactive media and social networking sites carry strong implications for encouraging interaction among the prospective consumers being targeted. This is because the promotional campaigns are launched through inclusion of the audience or the consumers. The networks for the social media are designed as such that information moves very fast from one community member to the other. The marketers who strive for achieving fast response from the consumers aim to promote their products or services through this medium. This unique feature of the social media marketing is termed as the ‘Viralness’, ‘Velocity’ or ‘Spread’. The marketers assure themselves of the fast response through promoting their products or services through this media. However, the effectiveness is entirely dependent upon the ability of the marketers to skilfully identifying the community (Clemons, 2007). Influence towards Generation of Trusted Behaviour from Members: The trust upon traditional